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	<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Dulaoshi</id>
	<title>Mandarin Education Task Wiki - User contributions [en]</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-20T06:18:10Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Helpful_Children%27s_Books&amp;diff=297</id>
		<title>Helpful Children's Books</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Helpful_Children%27s_Books&amp;diff=297"/>
		<updated>2014-02-27T09:39:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;我上课的时候经常会和小朋友读故事书，大多数是英文的儿童书，我用中文讲给小朋友听。下面就把我认为比较有趣的故事书系类和大家分享，列表会不断持续更新。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==0-3岁宝宝多功能认知书系列==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
宝宝逛超市，好玩的动物园，数学概念，快乐的幼儿园，宝宝在节日里，宝宝在家里，宝宝在公园里，宝宝的四季&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
这一套书是我在Vancouver Public Library偶然发现的，整套书一共八册，在VPL里四处漂泊，不知道什么时候能找齐。其实一本书在Amazon上很便宜，原价9.9，打折下来才6.4，整套书也就50块钱RMB，如果回国的话，可以顺便买一套，每册书都很薄，围绕一个主题，插图很漂亮。我有时候会用这册书做教材，学习词语和句子都很有用，还可以作为一个monthly project，等到学完一个月之后，学生就能围绕一个话题，说一些相关的词语和句子，也可以自己做一本自己画的故事书。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Elephant and Piggie Series (Willems Mo)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today I will Fly, My Friend is Sad, There is a Bird on Your Head, I am Invited to a Party, I love My New Toy, I will Surprise My Friend, Are You Ready to Play Outside, Watch me Throw the Ball, Elephants cannot Dance, Pigs Make me Sneeze, I am Going, Can I Play too, We Are in a Book, I Broke My Trunk, Should I Share My Ice Cream, Happy Pig Day, Listen to My Trumpet, Let’s Go for a Drive, A Big Guy Took My Ball, I’m a Frog.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
这本书的绘画风格很简单，比较适合学龄前或者低年级的儿童，我一般每周读一本和学习内容相关的书，也可以作为self-starter 读给小朋友听。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Eric Carle==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eric Carle在外国的学校很有名，他的绘画风格也很独树一帜，大多数书籍都围绕动物讲故事，词汇比较多，句型比较简单，用一本书可以练习同一个句型。他出版的书比较多，我就不一一列举了。在他的网站上有详细的介绍：http://www.eric-carle.com/home.html&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=289</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=289"/>
		<updated>2013-11-23T09:27:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs - 双语项目==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Standardized Tests - 汉语考试==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.hsk.org.cn/ 新汉语水平考试] - HSK (Mainland) [http://www.chinesetest.cn]&lt;br /&gt;
**新中小学生汉语考试 - YCT (Youth Chinese Test)&lt;br /&gt;
**汉语水平口语考试 - HSKK (HSK Oral Test)&lt;br /&gt;
**职业与商务汉语考试 - BCT (Business Chinese Test)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.sc-top.org.tw/ 华语文能力测验] - TOP (Taiwan)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://baike.baidu.com/view/21049.htm 普通话水平测试] - PSC [http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/tc/ipe/TPP/] [http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~pth/]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/37221.html 美国AP中文课程] - AP Chinese Language and Culture Course Home Page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grammar - 汉语语法==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=94 汉语语法] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=93 汉语语言学] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Writing - 汉字==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/radicals.php 黄桥汉字部首表] - YellowBridge: List of Chinese Radicals&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.internationalscientific.org/ 古汉字集]] - Chinese Character Etymology&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Stroke_Order_Project/Simplified_Chinese_progress 中日韩汉字笔顺计划] - Commons Stroke Order Project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice - 阅读练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tone Practice - 声调练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ppp/Pitch Perfect Pinyin (University of Texas at Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/chinese_take_in/ Chinese Take-In (UT Austin)] - 三百句初级听力汉语（德州大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**Interctive Listening Comprehension Practice for Beginners&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/orkelm/chinese/index.html Cultural Interviews with Chinese-Speaking Professionals (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://podcasts.coerll.utexas.edu/collection/chinese-dialogues/ Gateway to Chinese Dialogues Podcast (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses - 在线课程==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses] - 麻省理工学院开放式中文课程列表&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - 中文课程（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)] - 中文课程AP（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统（罗格斯大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://readchinese.nflc.org/ Read Chinese! (National Foreign Language Center)] - 阅读中文！（马里兰大学）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Resources==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://sites.la.utexas.edu/chinese/ Gateway to Chinese (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=288</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=288"/>
		<updated>2013-11-07T10:48:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: /* Standardized Tests - 汉语考试 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs - 双语项目==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Standardized Tests - 汉语考试==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.hsk.org.cn/ 新汉语水平考试] - HSK (Mainland) [http://www.chinesetest.cn]&lt;br /&gt;
**新中小学生汉语考试 - YCT (Youth Chinese Test)&lt;br /&gt;
**汉语水平口语考试 - HSKK (HSK Oral Test)&lt;br /&gt;
**职业与商务汉语考试 - BCT (Business Chinese Test)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.sc-top.org.tw/ 华语文能力测验] - TOP (Taiwan)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://baike.baidu.com/view/21049.htm 普通话水平测试] - PSC [http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/tc/ipe/TPP/] [http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~pth/]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/37221.html 美国AP中文课程] - AP Chinese Language and Culture Course Home Page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grammar - 汉语语法==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=94 汉语语法] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=93 汉语语言学] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice - 阅读练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tone Practice - 声调练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ppp/Pitch Perfect Pinyin (University of Texas at Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/chinese_take_in/ Chinese Take-In (UT Austin)] - 三百句初级听力汉语（德州大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**Interctive Listening Comprehension Practice for Beginners&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/orkelm/chinese/index.html Cultural Interviews with Chinese-Speaking Professionals (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://podcasts.coerll.utexas.edu/collection/chinese-dialogues/ Gateway to Chinese Dialogues Podcast (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses - 在线课程==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses] - 麻省理工学院开放式中文课程列表&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - 中文课程（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)] - 中文课程AP（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统（罗格斯大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://readchinese.nflc.org/ Read Chinese! (National Foreign Language Center)] - 阅读中文！（马里兰大学）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Resources==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://sites.la.utexas.edu/chinese/ Gateway to Chinese (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=CFL_Bibliography&amp;diff=287</id>
		<title>CFL Bibliography</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=CFL_Bibliography&amp;diff=287"/>
		<updated>2013-11-05T18:39:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: /* Heritage Language Learners (HLLs) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==CFL Teaching - 对外汉语教学==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen, J., Wang, C., &amp;amp; Cai, J. (Eds.). (2010). ''Teaching and learning Chinese : Issues and perspectives.'' Charlotte, N.C.: Information Age Pub.&lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P. &amp;amp; Li, D. (2004). ''Issues in Mandarin language instruction: Theory, research, and practice.'' System, 32(3), 443-456.&lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P. Introduction. In P. Duff, &amp;amp; P. Lester (Eds.). (2008)., ''Issues in Chinese Language Education and Teacher Development. Selected Papers from the Shanghai Symposium (pp. 3-4). UBC Centre for Research in Chinese Language and Literacy Education.'' November 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P. Issues in Chinese language teaching and teacher development. In P. Duff, &amp;amp; P. Lester (Eds.). (2008)., ''Issues in Chinese Language Education and Teacher Development. Selected Papers from the Shanghai Symposium'' (pp. 5-48). UBC Centre for Research in Chinese Language and Literacy Education. November 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
*Everson, M. E., &amp;amp; Xiao, Y. (Eds.). (2009). ''Teaching Chinese as a foreign language: Theories and applications.'' Boston: Cheng &amp;amp; Tsui.&lt;br /&gt;
*Falsgraf, C. (2007). Innovations in language learning: The Oregon Chinese flagship model. ''Journal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages,'' 4.&lt;br /&gt;
*Higgins, L. T., &amp;amp; Sheldon, K. (2001).Teaching of Mandarin in an English comprehensive school: A case study. ''Educational Studies,'' 27, 109-127. [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~content=a713664316~fulltext=713240930]&lt;br /&gt;
*Linnell, J.D. (2001). Chinese as a second/foreign language teaching and research: changing classroom contexts and teacher choices. ''Language Teaching Research'', 5, 54-81. [http://ltr.sagepub.com/content/5/1/54.refs]&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu, G., &amp;amp; Lo Bianco, J. (2007). Teaching Chinese, teaching in Chinese, and teaching the Chinese. ''Language Policy, 6''(1), 95-117. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/e12t4830p1l28114/fulltext.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
*Loke, K. (2002). Approaches to the teaching and learning of Chinese: A critical literature review and a proposal for a semantic, cognitive and meta-cognitive approach. ''JCLTA, 37''(1), 65-112. &lt;br /&gt;
*Stella, K. (2007). Mainstreaming and professionalizing Chinese-language education: A new mission for a new century. ''Chinese America: History and Perspectives.'' 2007 (1).&lt;br /&gt;
*Tsung, L., &amp;amp; Cruickshank, K. (2011). ''Teaching and learning Chinese in global contexts: Multimodality and literacy in the New Media Age.'' London: Continuum.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, L., &amp;amp; Higgins, L. (2008). Mandarin teaching in the UK in 2007: A brief report of teachers’ and learners’ views. ''Language Learning Journal, 36''(1), 91-96.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xing, J.Z. (2006). ''Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language'' Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. [http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9789882203655]&lt;br /&gt;
*葉德明，1999，《華語文教學規範與理論基礎》，台北：師大書苑。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chinese Language Acquisition - 中文习得研究==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen, C. (2004). Motivational beliefs of students learning Chinese as a foreign language. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 64 (9), 3187-3187. &lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P., Anderson, T., Ilnyckyj, R., VanGaya, E., Wang, R.T., &amp;amp; Yates, E. (2013). ''Learning Chinese: Linguistic, Sociocultural, and narrative Perspectives''. Boston: De Gruyter.&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang, J. (2000). ''Students’ major difficulties in learning Mandarin Chinese as an additional language at the proficiency level beyond the initial stages and their coping strategies.'' (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 440-537)&lt;br /&gt;
*Ke, C. (2005b). Patterns of acquisition of Chinese linguistic features by CFL learners. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 40''(1), 1-24. &lt;br /&gt;
*吕必松 1991.《对外汉语教学概论》&lt;br /&gt;
*McDonald, E. (2011). ''Learning Chinese, turning Chinese: Challenges to becoming sinophone in a globalized world.'' New York: Routledge.&lt;br /&gt;
*施家炜. 1998. &amp;lt;外国留学生 22 类现代汉语句式的习得顺序研究&amp;gt;《世界汉语教学》46. p.77-98. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
*王建勤. 1998. 《汉语作为第二语言的习得研究》北京: 北京语言文化大学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, J., Spencer, K., &amp;amp; Xing, M. (2009). Metacognitive beliefs and strategies in learning Chinese as a foreign language. ''System'', 37(1), 46-56.&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao, Y. (2011). Review article: A tree in the wood: A review of research on L2 Chinese acquisition. ''Second Language Research'' Beijing: Peking University.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Heritage Language Learners (HLLs)==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chang, Y. L. (2001). BO-PO-MO for ABC: Teaching the Mandarin phonetic alphabet to American-born Chinese children at Chinese language schools in Hawai'i. ''Dissertation Abstracts International,'' 62, 548-A. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii at Manoa] &lt;br /&gt;
*Chen, Y. (2007). Balancing goals and emotional responses to learning Chinese as a heritage language. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 68 (5), 1809-1809. &lt;br /&gt;
*Chow, H. (2001). Learning the Chinese language in a multicultural milieu: Factors affecting Chinese-Canadian adolescents’ ethnic language school experience. ''Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 47''(4) , 369–374.&lt;br /&gt;
*Christensen, M., &amp;amp; Wu, X. (1993). An individualized approach for teaching false beginners. ''Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association'', 27(2), 91-100.&lt;br /&gt;
*Comanaru, R., &amp;amp; Noels, K. A. (2009). Self-determination, motivation, and the learning of Chinese as a heritage language. ''Canadian Modern Language Review, 66''(1), 131-158.&lt;br /&gt;
*Curdt-Christiansen, X.L. (2012). 潜移默化 – Implicit learning and imperceptible influence: Syncretic literacy of multilingual Chinese children. ''Journal of Early Childhood Literacy'', Online First,(0), 00-00.&lt;br /&gt;
*Curdt-Christiansen, X. (2008). Reading the world through words: Cultural themes in heritage Chinese language textbooks. ''Language and Education, 22''(2), 95-113.&lt;br /&gt;
*Curdt-Christiansen, X. (2006). Teaching and learning Chinese: Heritage language classroom discourse in Montreal. ''Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19''(2), 189-207.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wong Fillmore, L. (2000). Loss of Family Languages: Should Educators Be Concerned? ''Theory into Practice, 39''(4), pp. 203-210. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1477339]&lt;br /&gt;
*He, A. W. (2006). Toward an identity-based model for the development of Chinese as a heritage language. ''The Heritage Language Journal'', 4(1), 1-28.&lt;br /&gt;
*Li, D. &amp;amp; Duff, P. (2008). Issues in Chinese Heritage Language Education and Research at the Post-secondary Level. In He, A. and Y. Xiao (Eds.) ''Chinese as a Heritage Language: Fostering rooted world citizenry.'' Honolulu: National Foreign Language Resource Centre, University of Hawaii. [http://www.lerc.educ.ubc.ca/fac/duff/personal_website/Publications/Li%20&amp;amp;%20Duff%20%282007%29%20issues%20in%20chinese.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
*Li, W. &amp;amp; Hua, Z. (2010). Voices from the diaspora: Changing hierarchies and dynamics of Chinese multilingualism. ''International Journal of the Sociology of Language.'' (205) 155-171.&lt;br /&gt;
*McGinnis, S. (2005). More than a silver bullet: The role of Chinese as a heritage language in the United States. ''Modern Language Journal'', 89, 592-594.&lt;br /&gt;
*Pu, C. (2009). Chinese american children's bilingual and biliteracy development in heritage language and public schools. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 69 (7), 2678-2678. &lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, M. (2004). An ethnographic study of Chinese heritage language education and technological innovations. ''Journal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages,'' 1.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, X. (Ed.), ''A view from within: A case study of Chinese heritage community language schools in the United States''. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.&lt;br /&gt;
*Weger-Guntharp, H. (2008). The affective needs of limited proficiency heritage language learners: Perspectives from a Chinese foreign language classroom. In Kondo-Brown, K., &amp;amp; Brown, J.D. (Eds.), ''Teaching Chinese, Japanese, and Korean heritage students: Curriculum, needs, materials, and assessment.'' Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.&lt;br /&gt;
*Weger-Guntharp, H. (2006). Voices from the margin: Developing a profile of Chinese heritage language learners in the FL classroom. ''Heritage Language Journal, 4''(1), 29-46.&lt;br /&gt;
*魏岩军、王建勤、魏惠琳、闻亭、李可 (2012).&amp;lt;影响美国华裔母语保持的个体及社会心理因素&amp;gt;.《语言教学与研究》1. p.99-106&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu, S. (2008). Robust language learning for Chinese heritage learners: Technology, motivation and linguistics. In K. Kondon-Brown &amp;amp; J. D. Brown (Eds.), ''Teaching Chinese, Japanese and Korean heritage students: Curriculum, needs, materials, and assessment'' (pp.271-297). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao, Y. (2006). Heritage Learners in the Chinese Language Classroom: Home Background. ''Heritage Language Journal, 4''(1), pp.47-56.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Native Speaker Teachers==&lt;br /&gt;
*Llurda, E. (ed.). (2005). ''Non-Native Language Teachers: Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession''. New York: Springer.&lt;br /&gt;
*Schrier, L. (2009). Understanding the culture of American schools, and managing the successful Chinese language classroom. In M. E. Everson &amp;amp; Y. Xiao (Eds.) ''Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language'' (pp. 227-249). Boston: Cheng &amp;amp; Tsui.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xu, H. (2012). ''Challenges native Chinese teachers face in teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language to non-native Chinese students in U.S. classrooms''. University of Nebraska.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Teaching Methods - 教学方法==&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, Y. (2009). ''Performance-Based Chinese L2 Reading Instruction: A Spiral Approach.'' Ohio State University.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Teaching of Characters and Literacy - 汉字认字==&lt;br /&gt;
*Allen, J. R. (2008). Why learning to write Chinese is a waste of time: A modest proposal. ''Foreign Language Annals, 41''(2), 237-251.&lt;br /&gt;
*Cheng, C. (2000). Frequently-used Chinese characters and language cognition. ''Studies in Linguistic Sciences, 30''(1), 107-118.&lt;br /&gt;
*Chung, K. K. H. (2002). Effective use of hanyu pinyin and English translations as extra stimulus prompts on learning of Chinese characters. ''Educational Psychology, 22''(2), 149-164. &lt;br /&gt;
*Good, R. L.  (1999). Strategies in the writing of Chinese characters by intermediate and advanced students of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 59(11), 4122-4122. &lt;br /&gt;
*Hanley, J. R. (2005). Learning to read in Chinese. In M. J. Snowling, C. Hulme, M. J. Snowling &amp;amp; C. Hulme (Eds.), ''The science of reading: A handbook.'' (pp. 316-335). Malden, MA US: Blackwell Publishing. &lt;br /&gt;
*黃沛榮，2001，《漢字教學的理論與實踐》，台北：樂學書局。&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin, H. G. (2006). Multimedia effects and Chinese character processing: An empirical study of CFL learners from three different orthographic backgrounds. ''JCLTA, 41''(3), 35-56.&lt;br /&gt;
*Ke, C. (1998). Effects of language background on the learning of Chinese characters among foreign languages students. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 31(1), 91-100.&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee-Thompson, L. (2008). An investigation of reading strategies applied by American learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 41(4), 702-721. &lt;br /&gt;
*Levine, M. G., &amp;amp; Haus, G. J. (1985). The effect of background knowledge on the reading comprehension of second language learners. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 18(5), 391-&lt;br /&gt;
397.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H., &amp;amp; Bear, R. D. (2000). Development of orthographic skills in Chinese children. ''Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal'', 13, 197-236.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu, H., &amp;amp; Richard, C. A. (1999). Learning to read Chinese: The development of metalinguistic awareness. In J. Wang, A. W. Inhoff, &amp;amp; H. -C. Chen (Eds.), ''Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis'' (pp. 37-64). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. &lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2000b). Radical knowledge and character learning among learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Linguistic Studies'', June, 85-93.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2000a). The interconnections of reading-text-based writing and reading comprehension among college intermediate learners of Chinese as a foreign language, ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association'', 35, 29-48. &lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2003). A comparison of written Chinese achievement among heritage learners in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 36(2), 258-266. &lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H., &amp;amp; Ke, C. (2007). Radical awareness and word acquisition among non-native learners of Chinese. ''Modern Language Journal, 91''(1), 97-111.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2009). Size and strength: Written vocabulary acquisition among advanced learners. ''Chinese Teaching in the World, 23''(1), 74-85.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2008). An analysis of word decision strategies among learners of Chinese. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 41(3), 501-524.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2005a). Linguistic complexity and beginning-level L2 Chinese reading, ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,'' 40, 1-28.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2005b). An investigation of Chinese-character learning strategies among non-native speakers of chinese. ''System'', 33(1), 49-68.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2004). Level of cognitive processing: Effects on character learning among non-native learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Language &amp;amp; Education: An International Journal, 18''(2), 167-182. &lt;br /&gt;
*施正宇. 2000. &amp;lt;外国留学生字形书写偏误分析&amp;gt;.《汉语学习》116. p.38-41.&lt;br /&gt;
*Taft, M., &amp;amp; Chung, K. (1999). Using radicals in teaching Chinese characters to second language learners. ''Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 42''(4), 243-251. &lt;br /&gt;
*Unger, J. (2004). ''Ideograph Chinese characters and the myth of disembodied meaning.'' Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, J., Inhoff, A. W., &amp;amp; Chen, H.-C. (Eds.). (1999). ''Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis.'' Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yan, X., Fan, Y., Di, Z., Havlin, S., &amp;amp; Wu, J. (2013, March 7). Efficient learning strategy of Chinese characters based on network approach. Retrieved July 20, 2013, from the arXiv database. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.1599]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ye, L. (2011). Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language in the United States: To Delay or Not to Delay the Character Introduction. ''Applied Linguistics and English as a Second Language Dissertations.'' Paper 21.&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, Z. -S. (2009). Myth, reality and character instruction in the 21st century. ''JCLTA, 44''(1), 69-89.&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhu, Y. (2006). Effects of voiced-pronunciation and stroke sequence animation on production of characters by beginners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 67''(3), 831-831.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力强化==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chung, J. M. (1999). The effects of using video texts supported with advance organizers and captions on Chinese college students' listening comprehension: An empirical study. ''Foreign Language Annals, 32''(3), 295-308.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wee, I. (2007). Unraveling the relation between Mandarin tones and musical melody. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 35(1), 128-144.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wen, X. (2009). Teaching listening and speaking: An interactive approach. In M. E. Everson &amp;amp; Y. Xiao (Eds.) ''Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language'' (pp. 131-150). Boston: Cheng &amp;amp; Tsui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Oral Production - 口语产出==&lt;br /&gt;
*An, K. (2006). An investigation of error correction in the zone of proximal development: Oral interaction with beginning learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 67(6), 2026-2027&lt;br /&gt;
*Ao, Q. (2000). A descriptive study of teachers' error correction of Chinese tones during Chinese as a foreign language instruction: A sociocultural perspective. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 60(9), 3294-3295. &lt;br /&gt;
*Tao, H. (2005). The gap between natural speech and spoken Chinese teaching material: Discourse perspectives on Chinese. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 40''(2), 1-24.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, Y. (2004). The comparison of the production of Chinese sentences in foreign students whose native languages are different in typology. ''Acta Psychologica Sinica, 36''(3), 274-280. &lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao, S., Liu, Y., &amp;amp; Hong, H. (2007). Singaporean preschoolers’ oral competence in mandarin. ''Language Policy, 6''(1), 73-94. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Pragmatics - 语用学==&lt;br /&gt;
*Winke, P.M. &amp;amp; Teng C. (2010). Using task-based pragmatics tutorials while studying abroad in China. ''Intercultural Pragmatics.'' 7,2 pp.363-399.&lt;br /&gt;
*Kasper, G. (ed.). (1995). ''Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language.'' Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan, Y., &amp;amp; Kádár, D.Z. (2011). ''Politeness in Historical and Contemporary Chinese.'' London: Continuum.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, H.D. (2007). The elements of the business Chinese curriculum: A pragmatic approach. ''Selected papers from pragmatics in the CJK classroom: The state of the art.'' Retrieved from: [http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/CJKProceedings]&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiang, C.H. (2007). Production and perception of apologies: Interlanguage pragmatics of British learners of Mandarin Chinese. ''Selected papers from pragmatics in the CJK classroom: The state of the art.'' Retrieved from: [http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/CJKProceedings]&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu, M. (2003). On the universality of face: Evidence from chinese compliment response behavior. ''Journal of Pragmatics, 35''(10-11), 1679-1710.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu, M. (1999). Universalistic and culture-specific perspectives on variation in the acquisition of pragmatic competence in a second language. ''Pragmatics'', 9, 281-312. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Fossilization - 语言僵化现象==&lt;br /&gt;
*陈慧媛. 1999. &amp;lt;关于语言僵化现象起因的理论探讨&amp;gt;《外语教学与研究》3. p.163-168. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grammar - 语法==&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, M. (2005). 对初级汉语语法教学的若干思考与尝试. ''JCLTA, 40''(2), 79-98.&lt;br /&gt;
*吕叔湘. 1999. ''现代汉语八百词·增订本.'' 北京: 商务印书馆.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Technology-Assisted Learning==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beutner, M. R. (2001). Using computer-assisted interactive feedback to enhance natural pronunciation of Chinese tones by non-native learners of Mandarin Chinese. ''Dissertation Abstracts International,'' 62, 1806-A. [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio University] (abstract)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bourgerie, D. S. (2003). Computer assisted language learning for Chinese: A survey and annotated bibliography. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 38''(2), 17-47.&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin, L., &amp;amp; Erben, T. (2007). Intercultural learning via instant messenger interaction. ''CALICO Journal, 24''(2), 291-311. [https://www.calico.org/html/article_646.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
*Li, S. (2008). The characteristics of quality online Chinese language teaching and learning in higher education: Perceptions of teachers and learners. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 68(7), 2909-2909. &lt;br /&gt;
*Xie, T. (2002). Using Internet relay chat in teaching Chinese. ''CALICO Journal, 19''(3), 513-524.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xie, T. (2001). e-Generation's Chinese language teachers: Meet the new challenges. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,'' 36, 75-80.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yuan, R. (2006). A probe into learning approaches and attitudes towards technology-enhanced language learning (TELL) in Chinese instruction. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 66(10), 3560-3560. &lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, D. (2008). Researching the use of WebCT in Chinese language teaching and learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 68 (7), 2912-2912. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other - 其他==&lt;br /&gt;
*曾金金. 2000. &amp;lt;建立「华语为第二语言习得资料库」的基本构想&amp;gt;《第六届世界华语文教学研讨会论文集第二册》p.24-36. 台北: 世华会.&lt;br /&gt;
*曾金金. 2004. &amp;lt;由平衡语料库和中介语语料看汉语被字句表述的文化意蕴&amp;gt;.Journal of Chinese Language and Computing. Vol.13, N4:13.&lt;br /&gt;
*程美珠. 1997.《汉语病句辨析九百例》.北京: 华语教学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
*刘英林. 1998. 《汉语水平等级标准与语法等级大纲》北京: 国家对外汉语教学领导小组办公室汉语水平考试部.&lt;br /&gt;
*邓守信. 2004. &amp;lt;对比分析与语法教学&amp;gt;.《汉语研究与应用》2. p.49-59. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
*邓守信. 2005. 《汉语语法论文集》台北: 文鹤.&lt;br /&gt;
*戴曼纯. 1996. &amp;lt;自然习得顺序质疑&amp;gt;《外语教学与研究》108. p.40-43,80. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
*苏冰. 2005. &amp;lt;第二语言习得中的学习顺序&amp;gt;《山东外语教学》104. p.74-75. 山东.&lt;br /&gt;
*Leung, P. (2007). On the term “Chinese language” (A preliminary manuscript). ''Chinese America: Histories &amp;amp; Perspectives.'' (2007), 1.&lt;br /&gt;
*Swihart, D. W. (2003). The two Mandarins: Putonghua and Guoyu. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,'' 38, 103-118.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yao, D. (Ed.). (2006). ''Chinese language instructional materials and pedagogy.'' Beijing Language and Cultural University Press.&lt;br /&gt;
*Smith, H. A. (2008). Chinese immersion: A study of effective elementary school programs. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 68''(8), 3255-3255.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Periodicals - 期刊==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://sjhy.chinajournal.net.cn 世界汉语教学]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.blcu.edu.cn/yys/3_mag_1/3_1_magazine1.asp 语言教学与研究]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://clta.osu.edu/jclta.htm Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
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&lt;div&gt;==CFL Teaching - 对外汉语教学==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen, J., Wang, C., &amp;amp; Cai, J. (Eds.). (2010). ''Teaching and learning Chinese : Issues and perspectives.'' Charlotte, N.C.: Information Age Pub.&lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P. &amp;amp; Li, D. (2004). ''Issues in Mandarin language instruction: Theory, research, and practice.'' System, 32(3), 443-456.&lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P. Introduction. In P. Duff, &amp;amp; P. Lester (Eds.). (2008)., ''Issues in Chinese Language Education and Teacher Development. Selected Papers from the Shanghai Symposium (pp. 3-4). UBC Centre for Research in Chinese Language and Literacy Education.'' November 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P. Issues in Chinese language teaching and teacher development. In P. Duff, &amp;amp; P. Lester (Eds.). (2008)., ''Issues in Chinese Language Education and Teacher Development. Selected Papers from the Shanghai Symposium'' (pp. 5-48). UBC Centre for Research in Chinese Language and Literacy Education. November 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
*Everson, M. E., &amp;amp; Xiao, Y. (Eds.). (2009). ''Teaching Chinese as a foreign language: Theories and applications.'' Boston: Cheng &amp;amp; Tsui.&lt;br /&gt;
*Falsgraf, C. (2007). Innovations in language learning: The Oregon Chinese flagship model. ''Journal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages,'' 4.&lt;br /&gt;
*Higgins, L. T., &amp;amp; Sheldon, K. (2001).Teaching of Mandarin in an English comprehensive school: A case study. ''Educational Studies,'' 27, 109-127. [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~content=a713664316~fulltext=713240930]&lt;br /&gt;
*Linnell, J.D. (2001). Chinese as a second/foreign language teaching and research: changing classroom contexts and teacher choices. ''Language Teaching Research'', 5, 54-81. [http://ltr.sagepub.com/content/5/1/54.refs]&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu, G., &amp;amp; Lo Bianco, J. (2007). Teaching Chinese, teaching in Chinese, and teaching the Chinese. ''Language Policy, 6''(1), 95-117. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/e12t4830p1l28114/fulltext.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
*Loke, K. (2002). Approaches to the teaching and learning of Chinese: A critical literature review and a proposal for a semantic, cognitive and meta-cognitive approach. ''JCLTA, 37''(1), 65-112. &lt;br /&gt;
*Stella, K. (2007). Mainstreaming and professionalizing Chinese-language education: A new mission for a new century. ''Chinese America: History and Perspectives.'' 2007 (1).&lt;br /&gt;
*Tsung, L., &amp;amp; Cruickshank, K. (2011). ''Teaching and learning Chinese in global contexts: Multimodality and literacy in the New Media Age.'' London: Continuum.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, L., &amp;amp; Higgins, L. (2008). Mandarin teaching in the UK in 2007: A brief report of teachers’ and learners’ views. ''Language Learning Journal, 36''(1), 91-96.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xing, J.Z. (2006). ''Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language'' Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. [http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9789882203655]&lt;br /&gt;
*葉德明，1999，《華語文教學規範與理論基礎》，台北：師大書苑。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chinese Language Acquisition - 中文习得研究==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen, C. (2004). Motivational beliefs of students learning Chinese as a foreign language. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 64 (9), 3187-3187. &lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P., Anderson, T., Ilnyckyj, R., VanGaya, E., Wang, R.T., &amp;amp; Yates, E. (2013). ''Learning Chinese: Linguistic, Sociocultural, and narrative Perspectives''. Boston: De Gruyter.&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang, J. (2000). ''Students’ major difficulties in learning Mandarin Chinese as an additional language at the proficiency level beyond the initial stages and their coping strategies.'' (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 440-537)&lt;br /&gt;
*Ke, C. (2005b). Patterns of acquisition of Chinese linguistic features by CFL learners. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 40''(1), 1-24. &lt;br /&gt;
*吕必松 1991.《对外汉语教学概论》&lt;br /&gt;
*McDonald, E. (2011). ''Learning Chinese, turning Chinese: Challenges to becoming sinophone in a globalized world.'' New York: Routledge.&lt;br /&gt;
*施家炜. 1998. &amp;lt;外国留学生 22 类现代汉语句式的习得顺序研究&amp;gt;《世界汉语教学》46. p.77-98. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
*王建勤. 1998. 《汉语作为第二语言的习得研究》北京: 北京语言文化大学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, J., Spencer, K., &amp;amp; Xing, M. (2009). Metacognitive beliefs and strategies in learning Chinese as a foreign language. ''System'', 37(1), 46-56.&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao, Y. (2011). Review article: A tree in the wood: A review of research on L2 Chinese acquisition. ''Second Language Research'' Beijing: Peking University.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Heritage Language Learners (HLLs)==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chang, Y. L. (2001). BO-PO-MO for ABC: Teaching the Mandarin phonetic alphabet to American-born Chinese children at Chinese language schools in Hawai'i. ''Dissertation Abstracts International,'' 62, 548-A. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii at Manoa] &lt;br /&gt;
*Chen, Y. (2007). Balancing goals and emotional responses to learning Chinese as a heritage language. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 68 (5), 1809-1809. &lt;br /&gt;
*Chow, H. (2001). Learning the Chinese language in a multicultural milieu: Factors affecting Chinese-Canadian adolescents’ ethnic language school experience. ''Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 47''(4) , 369–374.&lt;br /&gt;
*Christensen, M., &amp;amp; Wu, X. (1993). An individualized approach for teaching false beginners. ''Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association'', 27(2), 91-100.&lt;br /&gt;
*Comanaru, R., &amp;amp; Noels, K. A. (2009). Self-determination, motivation, and the learning of Chinese as a heritage language. ''Canadian Modern Language Review, 66''(1), 131-158.&lt;br /&gt;
*Curdt-Christiansen, X.L. (2012). 潜移默化 – Implicit learning and imperceptible influence: Syncretic literacy of multilingual Chinese children. ''Journal of Early Childhood Literacy'', Online First,(0), 00-00.&lt;br /&gt;
*Curdt-Christiansen, X. (2008). Reading the world through words: Cultural themes in heritage Chinese language textbooks. ''Language and Education, 22''(2), 95-113.&lt;br /&gt;
*Curdt-Christiansen, X. (2006). Teaching and learning Chinese: Heritage language classroom discourse in Montreal. ''Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19''(2), 189-207.&lt;br /&gt;
*Fillmore, L.W. (2000). Loss of Family Languages: Should Educators Be Concerned? ''Theory into Practice'', 39(4), pp. 203-210. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1477339]&lt;br /&gt;
*He, A. W. (2006). Toward an identity-based model for the development of Chinese as a heritage language. ''The Heritage Language Journal'', 4(1), 1-28.&lt;br /&gt;
*Li, D. &amp;amp; Duff, P. (2008). Issues in Chinese Heritage Language Education and Research at the Post-secondary Level. In He, A. and Y. Xiao (Eds.) ''Chinese as a Heritage Language: Fostering rooted world citizenry.'' Honolulu: National Foreign Language Resource Centre, University of Hawaii. [http://www.lerc.educ.ubc.ca/fac/duff/personal_website/Publications/Li%20&amp;amp;%20Duff%20%282007%29%20issues%20in%20chinese.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
*Li, W. &amp;amp; Hua, Z. (2010). Voices from the diaspora: Changing hierarchies and dynamics of Chinese multilingualism. ''International Journal of the Sociology of Language.'' (205) 155-171.&lt;br /&gt;
*McGinnis, S. (2005). More than a silver bullet: The role of Chinese as a heritage language in the United States. ''Modern Language Journal'', 89, 592-594.&lt;br /&gt;
*Pu, C. (2009). Chinese american children's bilingual and biliteracy development in heritage language and public schools. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 69 (7), 2678-2678. &lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, M. (2004). An ethnographic study of Chinese heritage language education and technological innovations. ''Journal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages,'' 1.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, X. (Ed.), ''A view from within: A case study of Chinese heritage community language schools in the United States''. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.&lt;br /&gt;
*Weger-Guntharp, H. (2008). The affective needs of limited proficiency heritage language learners: Perspectives from a Chinese foreign language classroom. In Kondo-Brown, K., &amp;amp; Brown, J.D. (Eds.), ''Teaching Chinese, Japanese, and Korean heritage students: Curriculum, needs, materials, and assessment.'' Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.&lt;br /&gt;
*Weger-Guntharp, H. (2006). Voices from the margin: Developing a profile of Chinese heritage language learners in the FL classroom. ''Heritage Language Journal, 4''(1), 29-46.&lt;br /&gt;
*魏岩军、王建勤、魏惠琳、闻亭、李可 (2012).&amp;lt;影响美国华裔母语保持的个体及社会心理因素&amp;gt;.《语言教学与研究》1. p.99-106&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu, S. (2008). Robust language learning for Chinese heritage learners: Technology, motivation and linguistics. In K. Kondon-Brown &amp;amp; J. D. Brown (Eds.), ''Teaching Chinese, Japanese and Korean heritage students: Curriculum, needs, materials, and assessment'' (pp.271-297). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao, Y. (2006). Heritage Learners in the Chinese Language Classroom: Home Background. ''Heritage Language Journal, 4''(1), pp.47-56.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Native Speaker Teachers==&lt;br /&gt;
*Llurda, E. (ed.). (2005). ''Non-Native Language Teachers: Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession''. New York: Springer.&lt;br /&gt;
*Schrier, L. (2009). Understanding the culture of American schools, and managing the successful Chinese language classroom. In M. E. Everson &amp;amp; Y. Xiao (Eds.) ''Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language'' (pp. 227-249). Boston: Cheng &amp;amp; Tsui.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xu, H. (2012). ''Challenges native Chinese teachers face in teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language to non-native Chinese students in U.S. classrooms''. University of Nebraska.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Teaching Methods - 教学方法==&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, Y. (2009). ''Performance-Based Chinese L2 Reading Instruction: A Spiral Approach.'' Ohio State University.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Teaching of Characters and Literacy - 汉字认字==&lt;br /&gt;
*Allen, J. R. (2008). Why learning to write Chinese is a waste of time: A modest proposal. ''Foreign Language Annals, 41''(2), 237-251.&lt;br /&gt;
*Cheng, C. (2000). Frequently-used Chinese characters and language cognition. ''Studies in Linguistic Sciences, 30''(1), 107-118.&lt;br /&gt;
*Chung, K. K. H. (2002). Effective use of hanyu pinyin and English translations as extra stimulus prompts on learning of Chinese characters. ''Educational Psychology, 22''(2), 149-164. &lt;br /&gt;
*Good, R. L.  (1999). Strategies in the writing of Chinese characters by intermediate and advanced students of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 59(11), 4122-4122. &lt;br /&gt;
*Hanley, J. R. (2005). Learning to read in Chinese. In M. J. Snowling, C. Hulme, M. J. Snowling &amp;amp; C. Hulme (Eds.), ''The science of reading: A handbook.'' (pp. 316-335). Malden, MA US: Blackwell Publishing. &lt;br /&gt;
*黃沛榮，2001，《漢字教學的理論與實踐》，台北：樂學書局。&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin, H. G. (2006). Multimedia effects and Chinese character processing: An empirical study of CFL learners from three different orthographic backgrounds. ''JCLTA, 41''(3), 35-56.&lt;br /&gt;
*Ke, C. (1998). Effects of language background on the learning of Chinese characters among foreign languages students. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 31(1), 91-100.&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee-Thompson, L. (2008). An investigation of reading strategies applied by American learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 41(4), 702-721. &lt;br /&gt;
*Levine, M. G., &amp;amp; Haus, G. J. (1985). The effect of background knowledge on the reading comprehension of second language learners. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 18(5), 391-&lt;br /&gt;
397.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H., &amp;amp; Bear, R. D. (2000). Development of orthographic skills in Chinese children. ''Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal'', 13, 197-236.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu, H., &amp;amp; Richard, C. A. (1999). Learning to read Chinese: The development of metalinguistic awareness. In J. Wang, A. W. Inhoff, &amp;amp; H. -C. Chen (Eds.), ''Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis'' (pp. 37-64). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. &lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2000b). Radical knowledge and character learning among learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Linguistic Studies'', June, 85-93.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2000a). The interconnections of reading-text-based writing and reading comprehension among college intermediate learners of Chinese as a foreign language, ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association'', 35, 29-48. &lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2003). A comparison of written Chinese achievement among heritage learners in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 36(2), 258-266. &lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H., &amp;amp; Ke, C. (2007). Radical awareness and word acquisition among non-native learners of Chinese. ''Modern Language Journal, 91''(1), 97-111.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2009). Size and strength: Written vocabulary acquisition among advanced learners. ''Chinese Teaching in the World, 23''(1), 74-85.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2008). An analysis of word decision strategies among learners of Chinese. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 41(3), 501-524.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2005a). Linguistic complexity and beginning-level L2 Chinese reading, ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,'' 40, 1-28.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2005b). An investigation of Chinese-character learning strategies among non-native speakers of chinese. ''System'', 33(1), 49-68.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2004). Level of cognitive processing: Effects on character learning among non-native learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Language &amp;amp; Education: An International Journal, 18''(2), 167-182. &lt;br /&gt;
*施正宇. 2000. &amp;lt;外国留学生字形书写偏误分析&amp;gt;.《汉语学习》116. p.38-41.&lt;br /&gt;
*Taft, M., &amp;amp; Chung, K. (1999). Using radicals in teaching Chinese characters to second language learners. ''Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 42''(4), 243-251. &lt;br /&gt;
*Unger, J. (2004). ''Ideograph Chinese characters and the myth of disembodied meaning.'' Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, J., Inhoff, A. W., &amp;amp; Chen, H.-C. (Eds.). (1999). ''Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis.'' Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yan, X., Fan, Y., Di, Z., Havlin, S., &amp;amp; Wu, J. (2013, March 7). Efficient learning strategy of Chinese characters based on network approach. Retrieved July 20, 2013, from the arXiv database. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.1599]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ye, L. (2011). Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language in the United States: To Delay or Not to Delay the Character Introduction. ''Applied Linguistics and English as a Second Language Dissertations.'' Paper 21.&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, Z. -S. (2009). Myth, reality and character instruction in the 21st century. ''JCLTA, 44''(1), 69-89.&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhu, Y. (2006). Effects of voiced-pronunciation and stroke sequence animation on production of characters by beginners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 67''(3), 831-831.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力强化==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chung, J. M. (1999). The effects of using video texts supported with advance organizers and captions on Chinese college students' listening comprehension: An empirical study. ''Foreign Language Annals, 32''(3), 295-308.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wee, I. (2007). Unraveling the relation between Mandarin tones and musical melody. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 35(1), 128-144.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wen, X. (2009). Teaching listening and speaking: An interactive approach. In M. E. Everson &amp;amp; Y. Xiao (Eds.) ''Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language'' (pp. 131-150). Boston: Cheng &amp;amp; Tsui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Oral Production - 口语产出==&lt;br /&gt;
*An, K. (2006). An investigation of error correction in the zone of proximal development: Oral interaction with beginning learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 67(6), 2026-2027&lt;br /&gt;
*Ao, Q. (2000). A descriptive study of teachers' error correction of Chinese tones during Chinese as a foreign language instruction: A sociocultural perspective. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 60(9), 3294-3295. &lt;br /&gt;
*Tao, H. (2005). The gap between natural speech and spoken Chinese teaching material: Discourse perspectives on Chinese. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 40''(2), 1-24.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, Y. (2004). The comparison of the production of Chinese sentences in foreign students whose native languages are different in typology. ''Acta Psychologica Sinica, 36''(3), 274-280. &lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao, S., Liu, Y., &amp;amp; Hong, H. (2007). Singaporean preschoolers’ oral competence in mandarin. ''Language Policy, 6''(1), 73-94. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Pragmatics - 语用学==&lt;br /&gt;
*Winke, P.M. &amp;amp; Teng C. (2010). Using task-based pragmatics tutorials while studying abroad in China. ''Intercultural Pragmatics.'' 7,2 pp.363-399.&lt;br /&gt;
*Kasper, G. (ed.). (1995). ''Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language.'' Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan, Y., &amp;amp; Kádár, D.Z. (2011). ''Politeness in Historical and Contemporary Chinese.'' London: Continuum.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, H.D. (2007). The elements of the business Chinese curriculum: A pragmatic approach. ''Selected papers from pragmatics in the CJK classroom: The state of the art.'' Retrieved from: [http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/CJKProceedings]&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiang, C.H. (2007). Production and perception of apologies: Interlanguage pragmatics of British learners of Mandarin Chinese. ''Selected papers from pragmatics in the CJK classroom: The state of the art.'' Retrieved from: [http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/CJKProceedings]&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu, M. (2003). On the universality of face: Evidence from chinese compliment response behavior. ''Journal of Pragmatics, 35''(10-11), 1679-1710.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu, M. (1999). Universalistic and culture-specific perspectives on variation in the acquisition of pragmatic competence in a second language. ''Pragmatics'', 9, 281-312. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Fossilization - 语言僵化现象==&lt;br /&gt;
*陈慧媛. 1999. &amp;lt;关于语言僵化现象起因的理论探讨&amp;gt;《外语教学与研究》3. p.163-168. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grammar - 语法==&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, M. (2005). 对初级汉语语法教学的若干思考与尝试. ''JCLTA, 40''(2), 79-98.&lt;br /&gt;
*吕叔湘. 1999. ''现代汉语八百词·增订本.'' 北京: 商务印书馆.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Technology-Assisted Learning==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beutner, M. R. (2001). Using computer-assisted interactive feedback to enhance natural pronunciation of Chinese tones by non-native learners of Mandarin Chinese. ''Dissertation Abstracts International,'' 62, 1806-A. [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio University] (abstract)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bourgerie, D. S. (2003). Computer assisted language learning for Chinese: A survey and annotated bibliography. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 38''(2), 17-47.&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin, L., &amp;amp; Erben, T. (2007). Intercultural learning via instant messenger interaction. ''CALICO Journal, 24''(2), 291-311. [https://www.calico.org/html/article_646.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
*Li, S. (2008). The characteristics of quality online Chinese language teaching and learning in higher education: Perceptions of teachers and learners. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 68(7), 2909-2909. &lt;br /&gt;
*Xie, T. (2002). Using Internet relay chat in teaching Chinese. ''CALICO Journal, 19''(3), 513-524.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xie, T. (2001). e-Generation's Chinese language teachers: Meet the new challenges. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,'' 36, 75-80.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yuan, R. (2006). A probe into learning approaches and attitudes towards technology-enhanced language learning (TELL) in Chinese instruction. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 66(10), 3560-3560. &lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, D. (2008). Researching the use of WebCT in Chinese language teaching and learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 68 (7), 2912-2912. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other - 其他==&lt;br /&gt;
*曾金金. 2000. &amp;lt;建立「华语为第二语言习得资料库」的基本构想&amp;gt;《第六届世界华语文教学研讨会论文集第二册》p.24-36. 台北: 世华会.&lt;br /&gt;
*曾金金. 2004. &amp;lt;由平衡语料库和中介语语料看汉语被字句表述的文化意蕴&amp;gt;.Journal of Chinese Language and Computing. Vol.13, N4:13.&lt;br /&gt;
*程美珠. 1997.《汉语病句辨析九百例》.北京: 华语教学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
*刘英林. 1998. 《汉语水平等级标准与语法等级大纲》北京: 国家对外汉语教学领导小组办公室汉语水平考试部.&lt;br /&gt;
*邓守信. 2004. &amp;lt;对比分析与语法教学&amp;gt;.《汉语研究与应用》2. p.49-59. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
*邓守信. 2005. 《汉语语法论文集》台北: 文鹤.&lt;br /&gt;
*戴曼纯. 1996. &amp;lt;自然习得顺序质疑&amp;gt;《外语教学与研究》108. p.40-43,80. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
*苏冰. 2005. &amp;lt;第二语言习得中的学习顺序&amp;gt;《山东外语教学》104. p.74-75. 山东.&lt;br /&gt;
*Leung, P. (2007). On the term “Chinese language” (A preliminary manuscript). ''Chinese America: Histories &amp;amp; Perspectives.'' (2007), 1.&lt;br /&gt;
*Swihart, D. W. (2003). The two Mandarins: Putonghua and Guoyu. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,'' 38, 103-118.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yao, D. (Ed.). (2006). ''Chinese language instructional materials and pedagogy.'' Beijing Language and Cultural University Press.&lt;br /&gt;
*Smith, H. A. (2008). Chinese immersion: A study of effective elementary school programs. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 68''(8), 3255-3255.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Periodicals - 期刊==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://sjhy.chinajournal.net.cn 世界汉语教学]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.blcu.edu.cn/yys/3_mag_1/3_1_magazine1.asp 语言教学与研究]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://clta.osu.edu/jclta.htm Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Review_Words_about_Animals&amp;diff=285</id>
		<title>Review Words about Animals</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Review_Words_about_Animals&amp;diff=285"/>
		<updated>2013-11-03T09:09:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;[[File:gotothezoo.png|thumb|动物园小动物纸片剪纸：[[:File:Dongwuzhipian.pdf|'''下载适合打印的PDF版本''']]]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:gotothezoo_c.png|thumb|供有彩色打印机的老师使用的彩色纸片：[[:File:Dongwuzhipian_caiseban.pdf|'''下载适合打印的PDF版本''']]]]&lt;br /&gt;
==学习内容==&lt;br /&gt;
*复习关于小动物的词语：兔子，小猫，小鸟，老虎等等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==需要准备的材料==&lt;br /&gt;
*画有小动物的小纸片放在一个不透明的袋子，一张简易动物园地图，胶水&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动步骤==&lt;br /&gt;
#小朋友轮流从袋子里面拿一张纸片，说出小动物的名称，老师展示动物园的地图，学生想想这个小动物应该呆在动物园的哪一个笼子里（老师可以用不同的颜色画动物园的笼子，顺便帮学生复习关于颜色的词语）。学生可以把那些小动物贴在他们喜欢的笼子里。&lt;br /&gt;
#学生轮流贴完纸片之后，老师把学生分成两组（如果学生比较少的话，就不用分组），老师问“小兔子在哪里”，看看哪组学生能最快从地图上指出来小兔子，对于学习程度比较高的学生，老师可以要求他们说出句子“小兔子在蓝色的笼子里”。玩了几轮之后，老师和学生可以互换角色，由一个学生问“老虎在哪里”，老师和其他学生参与比赛。&lt;br /&gt;
#换一种比赛方式，由老师指出一个小动物，看看哪个学生能最先说出那个小动物的名字。对于程度比较高的学生，老师可以说“黄色的笼子”，看看哪个学生能最先说出那个笼子里的动物。&lt;br /&gt;
#做动物园导游，找一个学生做导游，另一个学生做游客，其余的学生扮演小动物，导游带着游客在动物园里游玩，介绍由学生扮演的各种小动物。学生可以学习一些简单的句子，比如“这是小浣熊，小浣熊是棕色的。&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==需要注意的事项==&lt;br /&gt;
#如果学生人数比较多的话，学生们在依次抽纸片贴纸片的时候，某些学生可能会不耐烦&lt;br /&gt;
#老师可以发挥想象力，创造一些比较罕见的动物，比如龙，仓鼠，熊猫等等。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks for Kids]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
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	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dongwuzhipian_caiseban.pdf&amp;diff=284</id>
		<title>File:Dongwuzhipian caiseban.pdf</title>
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		<updated>2013-11-03T09:06:41Z</updated>

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		<title>File:Gotothezoo c.png</title>
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		<updated>2013-11-03T09:05:47Z</updated>

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	<entry>
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		<title>Teaching Links</title>
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		<updated>2013-11-03T08:56:37Z</updated>

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&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs - 双语项目==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Standardized Tests - 汉语考试==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.hsk.org.cn/ 汉语水平考试] - HSK (Mainland) [http://www.chinesetest.cn]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.sc-top.org.tw/ 华语文能力测验] - TOP (Taiwan)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://baike.baidu.com/view/21049.htm 普通话水平测试] - PSC [http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/tc/ipe/TPP/] [http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~pth/]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/37221.html AP Chinese Language and Culture Course Home Page] - 美国AP中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grammar - 汉语语法==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=94 汉语语法] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=93 汉语语言学] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice - 阅读练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tone Practice - 声调练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ppp/Pitch Perfect Pinyin (University of Texas at Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/chinese_take_in/ Chinese Take-In (UT Austin)] - 三百句初级听力汉语（德州大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**Interctive Listening Comprehension Practice for Beginners&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/orkelm/chinese/index.html Cultural Interviews with Chinese-Speaking Professionals (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://podcasts.coerll.utexas.edu/collection/chinese-dialogues/ Gateway to Chinese Dialogues Podcast (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses - 在线课程==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses] - 麻省理工学院开放式中文课程列表&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - 中文课程（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)] - 中文课程AP（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统（罗格斯大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://readchinese.nflc.org/ Read Chinese! (National Foreign Language Center)] - 阅读中文！（马里兰大学）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Resources==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://sites.la.utexas.edu/chinese/ Gateway to Chinese (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=281</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=281"/>
		<updated>2013-11-03T08:43:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs - 双语项目==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Standard Tests==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/37221.html AP Chinese Language and Culture Course Home Page]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grammar - 汉语语法==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=94 汉语语法] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=93 汉语语言学] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice - 阅读练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tone Practice - 声调练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ppp/Pitch Perfect Pinyin (University of Texas at Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/chinese_take_in/ Chinese Take-In (UT Austin)] - 三百句初级听力汉语（德州大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**Interctive Listening Comprehension Practice for Beginners&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/orkelm/chinese/index.html Cultural Interviews with Chinese-Speaking Professionals (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://podcasts.coerll.utexas.edu/collection/chinese-dialogues/ Gateway to Chinese Dialogues Podcast (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses - 在线课程==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses] - 麻省理工学院开放式中文课程列表&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - 中文课程（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)] - 中文课程AP（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统（罗格斯大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://readchinese.nflc.org/ Read Chinese! (National Foreign Language Center)] - 阅读中文！（马里兰大学）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Resources==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://sites.la.utexas.edu/chinese/ Gateway to Chinese (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=280</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=280"/>
		<updated>2013-11-03T08:23:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs - 双语项目==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grammar - 汉语语法==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=94 汉语语法] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://140.136.240.106/course/view.php?id=93 汉语语言学] - 辅仁大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice - 阅读练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tone Practice - 声调练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ppp/Pitch Perfect Pinyin (University of Texas at Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/chinese_take_in/ Chinese Take-In (UT Austin)] - 三百句初级听力汉语（德州大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**Interctive Listening Comprehension Practice for Beginners&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/orkelm/chinese/index.html Cultural Interviews with Chinese-Speaking Professionals (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://podcasts.coerll.utexas.edu/collection/chinese-dialogues/ Gateway to Chinese Dialogues Podcast (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses - 在线课程==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses] - 麻省理工学院开放式中文课程列表&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - 中文课程（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)] - 中文课程AP（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统（罗格斯大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://readchinese.nflc.org/ Read Chinese! (National Foreign Language Center)] - 阅读中文！（马里兰大学）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Resources==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://sites.la.utexas.edu/chinese/ Gateway to Chinese (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=279</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=279"/>
		<updated>2013-11-03T08:07:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs - 双语项目==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice - 阅读练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tone Practice - 声调练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ppp/Pitch Perfect Pinyin (University of Texas at Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/chinese_take_in/ Chinese Take-In (UT Austin)] - 三百句初级听力汉语（德州大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**Interctive Listening Comprehension Practice for Beginners&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/orkelm/chinese/index.html Cultural Interviews with Chinese-Speaking Professionals (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://podcasts.coerll.utexas.edu/collection/chinese-dialogues/ Gateway to Chinese Dialogues Podcast (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses - 在线课程==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses] - 麻省理工学院开放式中文课程列表&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - 中文课程（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)] - 中文课程AP（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统（罗格斯大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://readchinese.nflc.org/ Read Chinese! (National Foreign Language Center)] - 阅读中文！（马里兰大学）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Resources==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://sites.la.utexas.edu/chinese/ Gateway to Chinese (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=278</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=278"/>
		<updated>2013-11-03T07:39:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs - 双语项目==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice - 阅读练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tone Practice - 声调练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ppp/Pitch Perfect Pinyin] - University of Texas at Austin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/chinese_take_in/ Chinese Take-In (UT Austin)] - 三百句初级听力汉语（德州大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**Interctive Listening Comprehension Practice for Beginners&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/orkelm/chinese/index.html Cultural Interviews with Chinese-Speaking Professionals (UT Austin)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses - 在线课程==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses] - 麻省理工学院开放式中文课程列表&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - 中文课程（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)] - 中文课程AP（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统（罗格斯大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://readchinese.nflc.org/ Read Chinese! (National Foreign Language Center)] - 阅读中文！（马里兰大学）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Resources==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[http://sites.la.utexas.edu/chinese/|Gateway to Chinese]] - University of Texas at Austin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=277</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=277"/>
		<updated>2013-11-03T07:39:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs - 双语项目==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice - 阅读练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tone Practice - 声调练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ppp/Pitch Perfect Pinyin] - University of Texas at Austin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力练习==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/chinese_take_in/ Chinese Take-In (UT Austin)] - 三百句初级听力汉语（德州大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**Interctive Listening Comprehension Practice for Beginners&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.laits.utexas.edu/orkelm/chinese/index.html Cultural Interviews with Chinese-Speaking Professionals]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses - 在线课程==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses] - 麻省理工学院开放式中文课程列表&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - 中文课程（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)] - 中文课程AP（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统（罗格斯大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://readchinese.nflc.org/ Read Chinese! (National Foreign Language Center)] - 阅读中文！（马里兰大学）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Resources==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[http://sites.la.utexas.edu/chinese/|Gateway to Chinese]] - University of Texas at Austin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=276</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=276"/>
		<updated>2013-11-03T05:50:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses] - 麻省理工学院开放式中文课程列表&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - 中文课程（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)] - 中文课程AP（北卡罗来纳大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统（罗格斯大学）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://readchinese.nflc.org/ Read Chinese! (National Foreign Language Center)] - 阅读中文！（马里兰大学）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=275</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=275"/>
		<updated>2013-11-03T03:16:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses]&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://chinese.rutgers.edu/content_cs.htm Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System] - 罗格斯多媒体中文教学系统&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=274</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=274"/>
		<updated>2013-11-02T15:11:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses]&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/6427 Learn NC Mandarin Chinese Courses (Learn NC)] - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill&lt;br /&gt;
**[http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/mandarinap/ Mandarin Chinese AP (Learn NC)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=273</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=273"/>
		<updated>2013-11-02T14:48:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses==&lt;br /&gt;
===Advanced===&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=humanities&amp;amp;subcat=language&amp;amp;spec=chinese MIT OCW Chinese Courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=272</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=272"/>
		<updated>2013-11-02T14:45:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses==&lt;br /&gt;
===Advanced===&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-21f-003-learning-chinese-a-foundation-course-in-mandarin-spring-2011/ Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin (MIT)] - 汉语基础教材（麻省理工学院）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Videos&amp;diff=271</id>
		<title>Teaching Videos</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Videos&amp;diff=271"/>
		<updated>2013-11-01T15:35:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;*[http://ocw.nctu.edu.tw/course_detail.php?bgid=7&amp;amp;gid=0&amp;amp;nid=244 华语教学概论] - 国立交通大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ocw.nctu.edu.tw/course_detail_3.php?bgid=5&amp;amp;gid=0&amp;amp;nid=342 中文口语语法与教学] - 国立交通大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learner.org/libraries/tfl/ Teaching Foreign Languages] - A Library of Classroom Practices&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Videos&amp;diff=270</id>
		<title>Teaching Videos</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Videos&amp;diff=270"/>
		<updated>2013-11-01T15:07:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;*[http://ocw.nctu.edu.tw/course_detail.php?bgid=7&amp;amp;gid=0&amp;amp;nid=244 华语教学概论] - 国立交通大学开放式课程&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.learner.org/libraries/tfl/ Teaching Foreign Languages] - A Library of Classroom Practices&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Review_Words_about_Animals&amp;diff=269</id>
		<title>Review Words about Animals</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Review_Words_about_Animals&amp;diff=269"/>
		<updated>2013-11-01T12:53:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:gotothezoo.png|thumb|动物园小动物纸片剪纸：[[:File:Dongwuzhipian.pdf|'''下载适合打印的PDF版本''']]]]&lt;br /&gt;
==学习内容==&lt;br /&gt;
*复习关于小动物的词语：兔子，小猫，小鸟，老虎等等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==需要准备的材料==&lt;br /&gt;
*画有小动物的小纸片放在一个不透明的袋子，一张简易动物园地图，胶水&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动步骤==&lt;br /&gt;
#小朋友轮流从袋子里面拿一张纸片，说出小动物的名称，老师展示动物园的地图，学生想想这个小动物应该呆在动物园的哪一个笼子里（老师可以用不同的颜色画动物园的笼子，顺便帮学生复习关于颜色的词语）。学生可以把那些小动物贴在他们喜欢的笼子里。&lt;br /&gt;
#学生轮流贴完纸片之后，老师把学生分成两组（如果学生比较少的话，就不用分组），老师问“小兔子在哪里”，看看哪组学生能最快从地图上指出来小兔子，对于学习程度比较高的学生，老师可以要求他们说出句子“小兔子在蓝色的笼子里”。玩了几轮之后，老师和学生可以互换角色，由一个学生问“老虎在哪里”，老师和其他学生参与比赛。&lt;br /&gt;
#换一种比赛方式，由老师指出一个小动物，看看哪个学生能最先说出那个小动物的名字。对于程度比较高的学生，老师可以说“黄色的笼子”，看看哪个学生能最先说出那个笼子里的动物。&lt;br /&gt;
#做动物园导游，找一个学生做导游，另一个学生做游客，其余的学生扮演小动物，导游带着游客在动物园里游玩，介绍由学生扮演的各种小动物。学生可以学习一些简单的句子，比如“这是小浣熊，小浣熊是棕色的。&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==需要注意的事项==&lt;br /&gt;
#如果学生人数比较多的话，学生们在依次抽纸片贴纸片的时候，某些学生可能会不耐烦&lt;br /&gt;
#老师可以发挥想象力，创造一些比较罕见的动物，比如龙，仓鼠，熊猫等等。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks for Kids]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dongwuzhipian.pdf&amp;diff=268</id>
		<title>File:Dongwuzhipian.pdf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dongwuzhipian.pdf&amp;diff=268"/>
		<updated>2013-11-01T12:52:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gotothezoo.png&amp;diff=267</id>
		<title>File:Gotothezoo.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gotothezoo.png&amp;diff=267"/>
		<updated>2013-11-01T12:40:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Tasks_for_Kids&amp;diff=266</id>
		<title>Tasks for Kids</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Tasks_for_Kids&amp;diff=266"/>
		<updated>2013-11-01T10:42:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: 修正链接&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;*[[Direction Words]] - 方位名词&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Countries]] - 国家名称&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Fun with numbers]] - 学习数字&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Attributive words]] - 修饰语放在名词前&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Common Classroom Games]] - 经常用的课堂游戏&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Colors]] - 学习颜色&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Strange Sentences]] - 奇怪的句子&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Review Words about Animals|Go to the Zoo!]] - 我的动物园&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks by Age Group]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Review_Words_about_Animals&amp;diff=265</id>
		<title>Review Words about Animals</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Review_Words_about_Animals&amp;diff=265"/>
		<updated>2013-11-01T10:42:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: +分类&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==学习内容==&lt;br /&gt;
*复习关于小动物的词语：兔子，小猫，小鸟，老虎等等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==需要准备的材料==&lt;br /&gt;
*画有小动物的小纸片放在一个不透明的袋子，一张简易动物园地图，胶水&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动步骤==&lt;br /&gt;
#小朋友轮流从袋子里面拿一张纸片，说出小动物的名称，老师展示动物园的地图，学生想想这个小动物应该呆在动物园的哪一个笼子里（老师可以用不同的颜色画动物园的笼子，顺便帮学生复习关于颜色的词语）。学生可以把那些小动物贴在他们喜欢的笼子里。&lt;br /&gt;
#学生轮流贴完纸片之后，老师把学生分成两组（如果学生比较少的话，就不用分组），老师问“小兔子在哪里”，看看哪组学生能最快从地图上指出来小兔子，对于学习程度比较高的学生，老师可以要求他们说出句子“小兔子在蓝色的笼子里”。玩了几轮之后，老师和学生可以互换角色，由一个学生问“老虎在哪里”，老师和其他学生参与比赛。&lt;br /&gt;
#换一种比赛方式，由老师指出一个小动物，看看哪个学生能最先说出那个小动物的名字。对于程度比较高的学生，老师可以说“黄色的笼子”，看看哪个学生能最先说出那个笼子里的动物。&lt;br /&gt;
#做动物园导游，找一个学生做导游，另一个学生做游客，其余的学生扮演小动物，导游带着游客在动物园里游玩，介绍由学生扮演的各种小动物。学生可以学习一些简单的句子，比如“这是小浣熊，小浣熊是棕色的。&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==需要注意的事项==&lt;br /&gt;
#如果学生人数比较多的话，学生们在依次抽纸片贴纸片的时候，某些学生可能会不耐烦&lt;br /&gt;
#老师可以发挥想象力，创造一些比较罕见的动物，比如龙，仓鼠，熊猫等等。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks for Kids]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=CFL_Bibliography&amp;diff=264</id>
		<title>CFL Bibliography</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=CFL_Bibliography&amp;diff=264"/>
		<updated>2013-11-01T09:54:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==CFL Teaching - 对外汉语教学==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen, J., Wang, C., &amp;amp; Cai, J. (Eds.). (2010). ''Teaching and learning Chinese : Issues and perspectives.'' Charlotte, N.C.: Information Age Pub.&lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P. &amp;amp; Li, D. (2004). ''Issues in Mandarin language instruction: Theory, research, and practice.'' System, 32(3), 443-456.&lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P. Introduction. In P. Duff, &amp;amp; P. Lester (Eds.). (2008)., ''Issues in Chinese Language Education and Teacher Development. Selected Papers from the Shanghai Symposium (pp. 3-4). UBC Centre for Research in Chinese Language and Literacy Education.'' November 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P. Issues in Chinese language teaching and teacher development. In P. Duff, &amp;amp; P. Lester (Eds.). (2008)., ''Issues in Chinese Language Education and Teacher Development. Selected Papers from the Shanghai Symposium'' (pp. 5-48). UBC Centre for Research in Chinese Language and Literacy Education. November 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
*Everson, M. E., &amp;amp; Xiao, Y. (Eds.). (2009). ''Teaching Chinese as a foreign language: Theories and applications.'' Boston: Cheng &amp;amp; Tsui.&lt;br /&gt;
*Falsgraf, C. (2007). Innovations in language learning: The Oregon Chinese flagship model. ''Journal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages,'' 4.&lt;br /&gt;
*Higgins, L. T., &amp;amp; Sheldon, K. (2001).Teaching of Mandarin in an English comprehensive school: A case study. ''Educational Studies,'' 27, 109-127. [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~content=a713664316~fulltext=713240930]&lt;br /&gt;
*Linnell, J.D. (2001). Chinese as a second/foreign language teaching and research: changing classroom contexts and teacher choices. ''Language Teaching Research'', 5, 54-81. [http://ltr.sagepub.com/content/5/1/54.refs]&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu, G., &amp;amp; Lo Bianco, J. (2007). Teaching Chinese, teaching in Chinese, and teaching the Chinese. ''Language Policy, 6''(1), 95-117. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/e12t4830p1l28114/fulltext.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
*Loke, K. (2002). Approaches to the teaching and learning of Chinese: A critical literature review and a proposal for a semantic, cognitive and meta-cognitive approach. ''JCLTA, 37''(1), 65-112. &lt;br /&gt;
*Stella, K. (2007). Mainstreaming and professionalizing Chinese-language education: A new mission for a new century. ''Chinese America: History and Perspectives.'' 2007 (1).&lt;br /&gt;
*Tsung, L., &amp;amp; Cruickshank, K. (2011). ''Teaching and learning Chinese in global contexts: Multimodality and literacy in the New Media Age.'' London: Continuum.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, L., &amp;amp; Higgins, L. (2008). Mandarin teaching in the UK in 2007: A brief report of teachers’ and learners’ views. ''Language Learning Journal, 36''(1), 91-96.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xing, J.Z. (2006). ''Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language'' Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. [http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9789882203655]&lt;br /&gt;
*葉德明，1999，《華語文教學規範與理論基礎》，台北：師大書苑。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chinese Language Acquisition - 中文习得研究==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen, C. (2004). Motivational beliefs of students learning Chinese as a foreign language. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 64 (9), 3187-3187. &lt;br /&gt;
*Duff, P., Anderson, T., Ilnyckyj, R., VanGaya, E., Wang, R.T., &amp;amp; Yates, E. (2013). ''Learning Chinese Linguistic, Sociocultural, and narrative Perspectives''. Boston: De Gruyter.&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang, J. (2000). ''Students’ major difficulties in learning Mandarin Chinese as an additional language at the proficiency level beyond the initial stages and their coping strategies.'' (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 440-537)&lt;br /&gt;
*Ke, C. (2005b). Patterns of acquisition of Chinese linguistic features by CFL learners. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 40''(1), 1-24. &lt;br /&gt;
*吕必松 1991.《对外汉语教学概论》&lt;br /&gt;
*McDonald, E. (2011). ''Learning Chinese, turning Chinese: Challenges to becoming sinophone in a globalized world.'' New York: Routledge.&lt;br /&gt;
*施家炜. 1998. &amp;lt;外国留学生 22 类现代汉语句式的习得顺序研究&amp;gt;《世界汉语教学》46. p.77-98. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
*王建勤. 1998. 《汉语作为第二语言的习得研究》北京: 北京语言文化大学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, J., Spencer, K., &amp;amp; Xing, M. (2009). Metacognitive beliefs and strategies in learning Chinese as a foreign language. ''System'', 37(1), 46-56.&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao, Y. (2011). Review article: A tree in the wood: A review of research on L2 Chinese acquisition. ''Second Language Research'' Beijing: Peking University.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Heritage Language Learners (HLLs)==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chang, Y. L. (2001). BO-PO-MO for ABC: Teaching the Mandarin phonetic alphabet to American-born Chinese children at Chinese language schools in Hawai'i. ''Dissertation Abstracts International,'' 62, 548-A. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii at Manoa] &lt;br /&gt;
*Chen, Y. (2007). Balancing goals and emotional responses to learning Chinese as a heritage language. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 68 (5), 1809-1809. &lt;br /&gt;
*Chow, H. (2001). Learning the Chinese language in a multicultural milieu: Factors affecting Chinese-Canadian adolescents’ ethnic language school experience. ''Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 47''(4) , 369–374.&lt;br /&gt;
*Christensen, M., &amp;amp; Wu, X. (1993). An individualized approach for teaching false beginners. ''Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association'', 27(2), 91-100.&lt;br /&gt;
*Comanaru, R., &amp;amp; Noels, K. A. (2009). Self-determination, motivation, and the learning of Chinese as a heritage language. ''Canadian Modern Language Review, 66''(1), 131-158.&lt;br /&gt;
*Curdt-Christiansen, X.L. (2012). 潜移默化 – Implicit learning and imperceptible influence: Syncretic literacy of multilingual Chinese children. ''Journal of Early Childhood Literacy'', Online First,(0), 00-00.&lt;br /&gt;
*Curdt-Christiansen, X. (2008). Reading the world through words: Cultural themes in heritage Chinese language textbooks. ''Language and Education, 22''(2), 95-113.&lt;br /&gt;
*Curdt-Christiansen, X. (2006). Teaching and learning Chinese: Heritage language classroom discourse in Montreal. ''Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19''(2), 189-207.&lt;br /&gt;
*Fillmore, L.W. (2000). Loss of Family Languages: Should Educators Be Concerned? ''Theory into Practice'', 39(4), pp. 203-210. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1477339]&lt;br /&gt;
*He, A. W. (2006). Toward an identity-based model for the development of Chinese as a heritage language. ''The Heritage Language Journal'', 4(1), 1-28.&lt;br /&gt;
*Li, D. &amp;amp; Duff, P. (2008). Issues in Chinese Heritage Language Education and Research at the Post-secondary Level. In He, A. and Y. Xiao (Eds.) ''Chinese as a Heritage Language: Fostering rooted world citizenry.'' Honolulu: National Foreign Language Resource Centre, University of Hawaii. [http://www.lerc.educ.ubc.ca/fac/duff/personal_website/Publications/Li%20&amp;amp;%20Duff%20%282007%29%20issues%20in%20chinese.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
*Li, W. &amp;amp; Hua, Z. (2010). Voices from the diaspora: Changing hierarchies and dynamics of Chinese multilingualism. ''International Journal of the Sociology of Language.'' (205) 155-171.&lt;br /&gt;
*McGinnis, S. (2005). More than a silver bullet: The role of Chinese as a heritage language in the United States. ''Modern Language Journal'', 89, 592-594.&lt;br /&gt;
*Pu, C. (2009). Chinese american children's bilingual and biliteracy development in heritage language and public schools. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 69 (7), 2678-2678. &lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, M. (2004). An ethnographic study of Chinese heritage language education and technological innovations. ''Journal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages,'' 1.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, X. (Ed.), ''A view from within: A case study of Chinese heritage community language schools in the United States''. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.&lt;br /&gt;
*Weger-Guntharp, H. (2008). The affective needs of limited proficiency heritage language learners: Perspectives from a Chinese foreign language classroom. In Kondo-Brown, K., &amp;amp; Brown, J.D. (Eds.), ''Teaching Chinese, Japanese, and Korean heritage students: Curriculum, needs, materials, and assessment.'' Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.&lt;br /&gt;
*Weger-Guntharp, H. (2006). Voices from the margin: Developing a profile of Chinese heritage language learners in the FL classroom. ''Heritage Language Journal, 4''(1), 29-46.&lt;br /&gt;
*魏岩军、王建勤、魏惠琳、闻亭、李可 (2012).&amp;lt;影响美国华裔母语保持的个体及社会心理因素&amp;gt;.《语言教学与研究》1. p.99-106&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu, S. (2008). Robust language learning for Chinese heritage learners: Technology, motivation and linguistics. In K. Kondon-Brown &amp;amp; J. D. Brown (Eds.), ''Teaching Chinese, Japanese and Korean heritage students: Curriculum, needs, materials, and assessment'' (pp.271-297). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao, Y. (2006). Heritage Learners in the Chinese Language Classroom: Home Background. ''Heritage Language Journal, 4''(1), pp.47-56.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Native Speaker Teachers==&lt;br /&gt;
*Llurda, E. (ed.). (2005). ''Non-Native Language Teachers: Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession''. New York: Springer.&lt;br /&gt;
*Schrier, L. (2009). Understanding the culture of American schools, and managing the successful Chinese language classroom. In M. E. Everson &amp;amp; Y. Xiao (Eds.) ''Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language'' (pp. 227-249). Boston: Cheng &amp;amp; Tsui.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xu, H. (2012). ''Challenges native Chinese teachers face in teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language to non-native Chinese students in U.S. classrooms''. University of Nebraska.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Teaching Methods - 教学方法==&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, Y. (2009). ''Performance-Based Chinese L2 Reading Instruction: A Spiral Approach.'' Ohio State University.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Teaching of Characters and Literacy - 汉字认字==&lt;br /&gt;
*Allen, J. R. (2008). Why learning to write Chinese is a waste of time: A modest proposal. ''Foreign Language Annals, 41''(2), 237-251.&lt;br /&gt;
*Cheng, C. (2000). Frequently-used Chinese characters and language cognition. ''Studies in Linguistic Sciences, 30''(1), 107-118.&lt;br /&gt;
*Chung, K. K. H. (2002). Effective use of hanyu pinyin and English translations as extra stimulus prompts on learning of Chinese characters. ''Educational Psychology, 22''(2), 149-164. &lt;br /&gt;
*Good, R. L.  (1999). Strategies in the writing of Chinese characters by intermediate and advanced students of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 59(11), 4122-4122. &lt;br /&gt;
*Hanley, J. R. (2005). Learning to read in Chinese. In M. J. Snowling, C. Hulme, M. J. Snowling &amp;amp; C. Hulme (Eds.), ''The science of reading: A handbook.'' (pp. 316-335). Malden, MA US: Blackwell Publishing. &lt;br /&gt;
*黃沛榮，2001，《漢字教學的理論與實踐》，台北：樂學書局。&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin, H. G. (2006). Multimedia effects and Chinese character processing: An empirical study of CFL learners from three different orthographic backgrounds. ''JCLTA, 41''(3), 35-56.&lt;br /&gt;
*Ke, C. (1998). Effects of language background on the learning of Chinese characters among foreign languages students. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 31(1), 91-100.&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee-Thompson, L. (2008). An investigation of reading strategies applied by American learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 41(4), 702-721. &lt;br /&gt;
*Levine, M. G., &amp;amp; Haus, G. J. (1985). The effect of background knowledge on the reading comprehension of second language learners. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 18(5), 391-&lt;br /&gt;
397.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H., &amp;amp; Bear, R. D. (2000). Development of orthographic skills in Chinese children. ''Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal'', 13, 197-236.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu, H., &amp;amp; Richard, C. A. (1999). Learning to read Chinese: The development of metalinguistic awareness. In J. Wang, A. W. Inhoff, &amp;amp; H. -C. Chen (Eds.), ''Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis'' (pp. 37-64). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. &lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2000b). Radical knowledge and character learning among learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Linguistic Studies'', June, 85-93.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2000a). The interconnections of reading-text-based writing and reading comprehension among college intermediate learners of Chinese as a foreign language, ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association'', 35, 29-48. &lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2003). A comparison of written Chinese achievement among heritage learners in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 36(2), 258-266. &lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H., &amp;amp; Ke, C. (2007). Radical awareness and word acquisition among non-native learners of Chinese. ''Modern Language Journal, 91''(1), 97-111.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2009). Size and strength: Written vocabulary acquisition among advanced learners. ''Chinese Teaching in the World, 23''(1), 74-85.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2008). An analysis of word decision strategies among learners of Chinese. ''Foreign Language Annals'', 41(3), 501-524.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2005a). Linguistic complexity and beginning-level L2 Chinese reading, ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,'' 40, 1-28.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2005b). An investigation of Chinese-character learning strategies among non-native speakers of chinese. ''System'', 33(1), 49-68.&lt;br /&gt;
*Shen, H. H. (2004). Level of cognitive processing: Effects on character learning among non-native learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Language &amp;amp; Education: An International Journal, 18''(2), 167-182. &lt;br /&gt;
*施正宇. 2000. &amp;lt;外国留学生字形书写偏误分析&amp;gt;.《汉语学习》116. p.38-41.&lt;br /&gt;
*Taft, M., &amp;amp; Chung, K. (1999). Using radicals in teaching Chinese characters to second language learners. ''Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 42''(4), 243-251. &lt;br /&gt;
*Unger, J. (2004). ''Ideograph Chinese characters and the myth of disembodied meaning.'' Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, J., Inhoff, A. W., &amp;amp; Chen, H.-C. (Eds.). (1999). ''Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis.'' Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yan, X., Fan, Y., Di, Z., Havlin, S., &amp;amp; Wu, J. (2013, March 7). Efficient learning strategy of Chinese characters based on network approach. Retrieved July 20, 2013, from the arXiv database. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.1599]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ye, L. (2011). Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language in the United States: To Delay or Not to Delay the Character Introduction. ''Applied Linguistics and English as a Second Language Dissertations.'' Paper 21.&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, Z. -S. (2009). Myth, reality and character instruction in the 21st century. ''JCLTA, 44''(1), 69-89.&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhu, Y. (2006). Effects of voiced-pronunciation and stroke sequence animation on production of characters by beginners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 67''(3), 831-831.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Listening Comprehension - 听力强化==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chung, J. M. (1999). The effects of using video texts supported with advance organizers and captions on Chinese college students' listening comprehension: An empirical study. ''Foreign Language Annals, 32''(3), 295-308.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wee, I. (2007). Unraveling the relation between Mandarin tones and musical melody. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 35(1), 128-144.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wen, X. (2009). Teaching listening and speaking: An interactive approach. In M. E. Everson &amp;amp; Y. Xiao (Eds.) ''Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language'' (pp. 131-150). Boston: Cheng &amp;amp; Tsui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Oral Production - 口语产出==&lt;br /&gt;
*An, K. (2006). An investigation of error correction in the zone of proximal development: Oral interaction with beginning learners of Chinese as a foreign language. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 67(6), 2026-2027&lt;br /&gt;
*Ao, Q. (2000). A descriptive study of teachers' error correction of Chinese tones during Chinese as a foreign language instruction: A sociocultural perspective. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 60(9), 3294-3295. &lt;br /&gt;
*Tao, H. (2005). The gap between natural speech and spoken Chinese teaching material: Discourse perspectives on Chinese. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 40''(2), 1-24.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, Y. (2004). The comparison of the production of Chinese sentences in foreign students whose native languages are different in typology. ''Acta Psychologica Sinica, 36''(3), 274-280. &lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao, S., Liu, Y., &amp;amp; Hong, H. (2007). Singaporean preschoolers’ oral competence in mandarin. ''Language Policy, 6''(1), 73-94. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Pragmatics - 语用学==&lt;br /&gt;
*Winke, P.M. &amp;amp; Teng C. (2010). Using task-based pragmatics tutorials while studying abroad in China. ''Intercultural Pragmatics.'' 7,2 pp.363-399.&lt;br /&gt;
*Kasper, G. (ed.). (1995). ''Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language.'' Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan, Y., &amp;amp; Kádár, D.Z. (2011). ''Politeness in Historical and Contemporary Chinese.'' London: Continuum.&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang, H.D. (2007). The elements of the business Chinese curriculum: A pragmatic approach. ''Selected papers from pragmatics in the CJK classroom: The state of the art.'' Retrieved from: [http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/CJKProceedings]&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiang, C.H. (2007). Production and perception of apologies: Interlanguage pragmatics of British learners of Mandarin Chinese. ''Selected papers from pragmatics in the CJK classroom: The state of the art.'' Retrieved from: [http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/CJKProceedings]&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu, M. (2003). On the universality of face: Evidence from chinese compliment response behavior. ''Journal of Pragmatics, 35''(10-11), 1679-1710.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu, M. (1999). Universalistic and culture-specific perspectives on variation in the acquisition of pragmatic competence in a second language. ''Pragmatics'', 9, 281-312. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Fossilization - 语言僵化现象==&lt;br /&gt;
*陈慧媛. 1999. &amp;lt;关于语言僵化现象起因的理论探讨&amp;gt;《外语教学与研究》3. p.163-168. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grammar - 语法==&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, M. (2005). 对初级汉语语法教学的若干思考与尝试. ''JCLTA, 40''(2), 79-98.&lt;br /&gt;
*吕叔湘. 1999. ''现代汉语八百词·增订本.'' 北京: 商务印书馆.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Technology-Assisted Learning==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beutner, M. R. (2001). Using computer-assisted interactive feedback to enhance natural pronunciation of Chinese tones by non-native learners of Mandarin Chinese. ''Dissertation Abstracts International,'' 62, 1806-A. [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio University] (abstract)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bourgerie, D. S. (2003). Computer assisted language learning for Chinese: A survey and annotated bibliography. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 38''(2), 17-47.&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin, L., &amp;amp; Erben, T. (2007). Intercultural learning via instant messenger interaction. ''CALICO Journal, 24''(2), 291-311. [https://www.calico.org/html/article_646.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
*Li, S. (2008). The characteristics of quality online Chinese language teaching and learning in higher education: Perceptions of teachers and learners. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 68(7), 2909-2909. &lt;br /&gt;
*Xie, T. (2002). Using Internet relay chat in teaching Chinese. ''CALICO Journal, 19''(3), 513-524.&lt;br /&gt;
*Xie, T. (2001). e-Generation's Chinese language teachers: Meet the new challenges. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,'' 36, 75-80.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yuan, R. (2006). A probe into learning approaches and attitudes towards technology-enhanced language learning (TELL) in Chinese instruction. ''Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 66(10), 3560-3560. &lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang, D. (2008). Researching the use of WebCT in Chinese language teaching and learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,'' 68 (7), 2912-2912. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other - 其他==&lt;br /&gt;
*曾金金. 2000. &amp;lt;建立「华语为第二语言习得资料库」的基本构想&amp;gt;《第六届世界华语文教学研讨会论文集第二册》p.24-36. 台北: 世华会.&lt;br /&gt;
*曾金金. 2004. &amp;lt;由平衡语料库和中介语语料看汉语被字句表述的文化意蕴&amp;gt;.Journal of Chinese Language and Computing. Vol.13, N4:13.&lt;br /&gt;
*程美珠. 1997.《汉语病句辨析九百例》.北京: 华语教学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
*刘英林. 1998. 《汉语水平等级标准与语法等级大纲》北京: 国家对外汉语教学领导小组办公室汉语水平考试部.&lt;br /&gt;
*邓守信. 2004. &amp;lt;对比分析与语法教学&amp;gt;.《汉语研究与应用》2. p.49-59. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
*邓守信. 2005. 《汉语语法论文集》台北: 文鹤.&lt;br /&gt;
*戴曼纯. 1996. &amp;lt;自然习得顺序质疑&amp;gt;《外语教学与研究》108. p.40-43,80. 北京.&lt;br /&gt;
*苏冰. 2005. &amp;lt;第二语言习得中的学习顺序&amp;gt;《山东外语教学》104. p.74-75. 山东.&lt;br /&gt;
*Leung, P. (2007). On the term “Chinese language” (A preliminary manuscript). ''Chinese America: Histories &amp;amp; Perspectives.'' (2007), 1.&lt;br /&gt;
*Swihart, D. W. (2003). The two Mandarins: Putonghua and Guoyu. ''Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,'' 38, 103-118.&lt;br /&gt;
*Yao, D. (Ed.). (2006). ''Chinese language instructional materials and pedagogy.'' Beijing Language and Cultural University Press.&lt;br /&gt;
*Smith, H. A. (2008). Chinese immersion: A study of effective elementary school programs. ProQuest Information &amp;amp; Learning. ''Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 68''(8), 3255-3255.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Periodicals - 期刊==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://sjhy.chinajournal.net.cn 世界汉语教学]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.blcu.edu.cn/yys/3_mag_1/3_1_magazine1.asp 语言教学与研究]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://clta.osu.edu/jclta.htm Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=259</id>
		<title>Teaching Links</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Links&amp;diff=259"/>
		<updated>2013-10-28T07:03:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Bilingual Programs==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ecbea.org/ Edmonton Chinese Bilingual Education Association] - 爱城中英双语教育协会&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/chinese The Language Flagship - Chinese (USA)] - 美国语言旗舰项目中文课程&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reading Practice==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.clavisinica.com/voices.html Chinese Voices Project] - 释文解字的汉语作文集&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Online Courses==&lt;br /&gt;
===Advanced===&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.coursera.org/courses?orderby=upcoming&amp;amp;lngs=zh Coursera Chinese language courses]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Teaching Resources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Common_Classroom_Games&amp;diff=258</id>
		<title>Common Classroom Games</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Common_Classroom_Games&amp;diff=258"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T11:44:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: 调整排版&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;闲来无事，整理了一下自己经常用的几个课堂活动，有的是来自中国传统游戏，有的是看到国外老师教外语的时候用到的，觉得都不错，各位老师可以根据自己的教学情况，稍作修改，加以应用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==巩固新词语==&lt;br /&gt;
在给学生看完了词语卡片，说了一遍新词语之后，老师通常需要巩固一下学生的记忆。我通常会让学生帮忙，用胶带把词语卡片贴在教室四周的墙壁上。然后由老师说一个词语，看看哪个学生能最快地拍到正确的词语卡片。如此几轮下来之后，学生对词语已经能够初步记住。这个时候，老师可以让班级中较为优秀的孩子充当老师的角色，让Ta站在教室中间说词语，其他的小孩子去找卡片，拍卡片。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
还有一个游戏只需要学生坐在椅子上就可以玩儿了。我在教交通工具，比如“轮船”，“火车”，“飞机”的时候，先学了一遍新词语，然后让每个学生抽一张词语卡片，学生之间互相不知道各自的卡片上是什么词语。然后由老师模仿一种交通工具的声音，拿到该交通工具的学生要把手里的卡片举起来，大声说这种交通工具的名字，然后可以得到一分。这个游戏可以玩很多轮，也可以适用于教动物名称。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
另一个我经常玩的游戏是捉迷藏。学生们面对墙壁闭上眼睛，一起从0数到10(这样也能顺便练习一下数字)，老师把词语卡片藏起来(桌子底下,文件夹里面等等)。学生数完数字之后，开始比赛，看谁能找到最多的词语卡片。如果学生找到了词语卡片，并且说出卡片上的词语，才能得到1分。如果说不出词语，就不能算数。完成了第一轮之后，老师可以让一个学生在下一轮把卡片藏起来，老师和其他学生比赛，看谁能找得多，说得对。这个游戏也可以分组进行。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==老狼老狼几点了==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Uhrzeit-13.00.png|thumb|现在是1点整]]&lt;br /&gt;
这是一个中国传统游戏，相信很多中文老师在教时间的时候都会用到这个游戏。具体说明如下。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
选一为学生当老狼，站在一面墙前，面对墙壁，背对其他学生。其余人距10米左右。游戏开始，其余学生一起念：“老狼老狼几点了?&amp;quot;一边念一边往前走。老狼答话时，其他人停下不动。老狼同时转身举起手指示意时间。老狼说完后，其余学生继续问&amp;quot;老狼老狼几点钟?&amp;quot;游戏继续进行，直到老狼回答&amp;quot;12点钟啦!&amp;quot;老狼转身追逐，学生往回跑，注意灵活躲避，跑回起点者为胜，被捉者下一轮游戏时做老狼。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
这个游戏玩到至今，规则已经发生了很多变化，老师可以根据自己的情况，选择最适合自己的。&lt;br /&gt;
{{clear}}&lt;br /&gt;
==红灯停，绿灯行==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Traffic_light.gif|thumb|红绿灯]]&lt;br /&gt;
我在教颜色的时候，经常会用一个“红灯停绿灯行”游戏，规则非常简单。老师站在教室中间，说“红灯”，“绿灯”或者“黄灯”。说“绿灯”的时候，学生们要快快地走;说“黄灯”的时候，学生要慢慢地走；说“红灯”的时候，学生要停下来。如果有谁违反了规则的话，就要在下一轮站在教室中间，说词语。&lt;br /&gt;
{{clear}}&lt;br /&gt;
==画鼻子==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Blackboard_face.jpeg|thumb|画在黑板上的人脸]]&lt;br /&gt;
在教人脸五官的时候，我通常会用一个“画鼻子”游戏。其实这个游戏并没有在很大程度上提高学生的语言能力，只是作为课堂活动，调剂一下学生的心情，活跃一下课堂气氛。具体规则如下。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
在黑板上画一个人脸，其余的五官都有，但是这个人没有鼻子。一个学生蒙上眼睛，其余的学生把这个学生在原地转三圈，然后该学生拿上笔，自己走到黑板前，根据自己的感觉，给人脸画上鼻子。有时候鼻子会画到眼睛的位置，有时候会画到嘴巴的地方，挺好玩儿的。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
这个游戏也可以和方位名词结合起来一起练习。这个时候黑板上只有一个人脸，没有五官。学生分成几组，每组派一个学生蒙上眼睛，走到黑板前，其余的学生给出口令，比如“在左边画一个眼睛”等等，但是不可以和这个学生有肢体接触，看看哪一组学生再规定的时间内画得又快又好。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
还有一个游戏可以训练学生熟悉五官词汇。学生们可以在教室里随意走动，老师给出指令“碰碰手”，两个学生之间就要互相碰碰对方的手。老师可以变换指令，说“碰碰头”，两个学生之间就要互相碰对方的头，其他的指令，比如“眨眼睛”“碰碰小手指”等等。&lt;br /&gt;
{{clear}}&lt;br /&gt;
==跳房子==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:TiuFeiKei(Hopscotch)_pattern.JPG|thumb|经典的跳房子]]&lt;br /&gt;
学生自己发明的游戏。他们自己用粉笔在室外的水泥地上，上面写上一，二，一直到十这十个数字，然后跳在这个数字上的时候需要说出这个数字怎么读。比谁跳的快，可以正面跳，反面跳（数字是倒着数的）&lt;br /&gt;
里面除了写数字之外，还可以写偏旁，跳到上面的时候要说出含有这个偏旁的汉字。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
欢迎各位老师指正，补充！&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks for Kids]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:TPRS]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Common_Classroom_Games&amp;diff=257</id>
		<title>Common Classroom Games</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Common_Classroom_Games&amp;diff=257"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T11:42:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: +图片&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;闲来无事，整理了一下自己经常用的几个课堂活动，有的是来自中国传统游戏，有的是看到国外老师教外语的时候用到的，觉得都不错，各位老师可以根据自己的教学情况，稍作修改，加以应用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==巩固新词语==&lt;br /&gt;
在给学生看完了词语卡片，说了一遍新词语之后，老师通常需要巩固一下学生的记忆。我通常会让学生帮忙，用胶带把词语卡片贴在教室四周的墙壁上。然后由老师说一个词语，看看哪个学生能最快地拍到正确的词语卡片。如此几轮下来之后，学生对词语已经能够初步记住。这个时候，老师可以让班级中较为优秀的孩子充当老师的角色，让Ta站在教室中间说词语，其他的小孩子去找卡片，拍卡片。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
还有一个游戏只需要学生坐在椅子上就可以玩儿了。我在教交通工具，比如“轮船”，“火车”，“飞机”的时候，先学了一遍新词语，然后让每个学生抽一张词语卡片，学生之间互相不知道各自的卡片上是什么词语。然后由老师模仿一种交通工具的声音，拿到该交通工具的学生要把手里的卡片举起来，大声说这种交通工具的名字，然后可以得到一分。这个游戏可以玩很多轮，也可以适用于教动物名称。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
另一个我经常玩的游戏是捉迷藏。学生们面对墙壁闭上眼睛，一起从0数到10(这样也能顺便练习一下数字)，老师把词语卡片藏起来(桌子底下,文件夹里面等等)。学生数完数字之后，开始比赛，看谁能找到最多的词语卡片。如果学生找到了词语卡片，并且说出卡片上的词语，才能得到1分。如果说不出词语，就不能算数。完成了第一轮之后，老师可以让一个学生在下一轮把卡片藏起来，老师和其他学生比赛，看谁能找得多，说得对。这个游戏也可以分组进行。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==老狼老狼几点了==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Uhrzeit-13.00.png|thumb|现在是1点整]]&lt;br /&gt;
这是一个中国传统游戏，相信很多中文老师在教时间的时候都会用到这个游戏。具体说明如下。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
选一为学生当老狼，站在一面墙前，面对墙壁，背对其他学生。其余人距10米左右。游戏开始，其余学生一起念：“老狼老狼几点了?&amp;quot;一边念一边往前走。老狼答话时，其他人停下不动。老狼同时转身举起手指示意时间。老狼说完后，其余学生继续问&amp;quot;老狼老狼几点钟?&amp;quot;游戏继续进行，直到老狼回答&amp;quot;12点钟啦!&amp;quot;老狼转身追逐，学生往回跑，注意灵活躲避，跑回起点者为胜，被捉者下一轮游戏时做老狼。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
这个游戏玩到至今，规则已经发生了很多变化，老师可以根据自己的情况，选择最适合自己的。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==红灯停，绿灯行==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Traffic_light.gif|thumb|红绿灯]]&lt;br /&gt;
我在教颜色的时候，经常会用一个“红灯停绿灯行”游戏，规则非常简单。老师站在教室中间，说“红灯”，“绿灯”或者“黄灯”。说“绿灯”的时候，学生们要快快地走;说“黄灯”的时候，学生要慢慢地走；说“红灯”的时候，学生要停下来。如果有谁违反了规则的话，就要在下一轮站在教室中间，说词语。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==画鼻子==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Blackboard_face.jpeg|thumb|画在黑板上的人脸]]&lt;br /&gt;
在教人脸五官的时候，我通常会用一个“画鼻子”游戏。其实这个游戏并没有在很大程度上提高学生的语言能力，只是作为课堂活动，调剂一下学生的心情，活跃一下课堂气氛。具体规则如下。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
在黑板上画一个人脸，其余的五官都有，但是这个人没有鼻子。一个学生蒙上眼睛，其余的学生把这个学生在原地转三圈，然后该学生拿上笔，自己走到黑板前，根据自己的感觉，给人脸画上鼻子。有时候鼻子会画到眼睛的位置，有时候会画到嘴巴的地方，挺好玩儿的。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
这个游戏也可以和方位名词结合起来一起练习。这个时候黑板上只有一个人脸，没有五官。学生分成几组，每组派一个学生蒙上眼睛，走到黑板前，其余的学生给出口令，比如“在左边画一个眼睛”等等，但是不可以和这个学生有肢体接触，看看哪一组学生再规定的时间内画得又快又好。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
还有一个游戏可以训练学生熟悉五官词汇。学生们可以在教室里随意走动，老师给出指令“碰碰手”，两个学生之间就要互相碰碰对方的手。老师可以变换指令，说“碰碰头”，两个学生之间就要互相碰对方的头，其他的指令，比如“眨眼睛”“碰碰小手指”等等。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==跳房子==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:TiuFeiKei(Hopscotch)_pattern.JPG|thumb|经典的跳房子]]&lt;br /&gt;
学生自己发明的游戏。他们自己用粉笔在室外的水泥地上，上面写上一，二，一直到十这十个数字，然后跳在这个数字上的时候需要说出这个数字怎么读。比谁跳的快，可以正面跳，反面跳（数字是倒着数的）&lt;br /&gt;
里面除了写数字之外，还可以写偏旁，跳到上面的时候要说出含有这个偏旁的汉字。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
欢迎各位老师指正，补充！&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks for Kids]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:TPRS]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Clear&amp;diff=256</id>
		<title>Template:Clear</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Clear&amp;diff=256"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T11:42:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;clear:{{{1|both}}};&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Clear&amp;diff=255</id>
		<title>Template:Clear</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Clear&amp;diff=255"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T11:42:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;clear:{{{1|both}}};&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt; {{documentation}} &amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;clear:{{{1|both}}};&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{documentation}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blackboard_face.jpeg&amp;diff=254</id>
		<title>File:Blackboard face.jpeg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blackboard_face.jpeg&amp;diff=254"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T11:22:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: 来源：http://www.flickr.com/photos/quinnanya/4582635099/sizes/z/&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;来源：http://www.flickr.com/photos/quinnanya/4582635099/sizes/z/&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=253</id>
		<title>Multimodal Activities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=253"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T11:18:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Karkur_School_Kishutei_Haim_10.jpg|thumb|学生可以可以用很多种模式来创造或传达意义]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''多模式教学'''是指运用除传统教学上受重视的“读“和”写”外的其他创造模式（如：绘画、塑造模型、摄影、网上交流等）来帮助学生传达意义的一种教学概念。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==理论==&lt;br /&gt;
读与写这两种语言模式向来是教育家最为关心的教学目标，虽然近年以“听说读写”四种模式为中心的教学概念在教育界已成为主流，但新兴的和历来不受重视的模式仍然处于不登大雅之堂的弱势地位。与此同时，越来越多的科学研究显示学生只透过一种模式来吸取和创造信息的效率偏低，运用多种模式才是高效教学的关键。另外，许多读写障碍的学生能透过多种模式和非传统模式的方法突破对学习的障碍，如果教师排除所有读写之外的创造和传达意义的模式的话，岂非断绝了这些孩子掌握沟通技巧的希望？&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Blotter_explosion-spin_art.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
其实，“传统”和“非传统”、“正确”和“错误”、“标准”和“不标准”的语言模式是并存的，教师应该让学生明白各种语言模式都有最宜场合，然而有时用多种模式也可以更有效地传递意义以达成沟通的目标。所谓“百闻不如一见”——有的事情，亲身看到了就远远胜于听人解释（如书法展览）但反之亦然，有些事情听到才真明白（如欣赏音乐），可谓这些模式各有千秋，各有各的存在价值。作为老师，我们是否经常贬低“读写”或“标准”之外的模式以提高读写系统在学生心里的地位呢？&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Three_Butterfly-Glue,_Chalk_by_Chip.JPG|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
多种模式教学有初中高三种层次，初步接触此概念的教师也许会让学生偶尔上网、画画、或在上课时玩游戏诸如此类的较为肤浅的活动，但这些活动除了可以在某种程度上帮助学校制造“多媒体”的噱头可说是欠缺深意，教学价值不高。稍微有经验的教师会在活动上附加一些传达意义的内容，最起码会让活动增强学生对目标语言的信心，例如某外语学校让学生修改大明星微博上的语法错误，这可以让孩子明白到名人也可以犯错，但也有可能在批评“大人物”的过程中导致学生形成高人一等的情绪。无论如何，这些都顶多能算是“多媒体教学”或“流行文化教学”，而称不上多种模式教学的有效运用。最高层次的多种模式教学应该是全面而富有深意的，也应该增强学生对正确判断任何情况或场合的最佳沟通模式的能力，而非单一集中在不假思索的“改错”而已。若能够自如地穿插在日常教学活动中以协助所有学生（而非只有那些读写能力较强的学生）传情达意则最好。&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Prelesne_0015.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Twitter Posts as Press Releases|微博改编的通讯稿]]：学生根据微博上的发贴撰写适合于正式发布的新闻通讯稿。这可以让学生同时了解休闲发贴有一种语气和语言模式，而写专文属于另一种模式，两个模式在最合适的场合的正确运用，也避免了贬低日常生活中的口语或俚语的成分。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Conquer Writer's Block by Painting|用绘画克服写作困难]]：如果学生在写作时面对白纸而感到茫然、挫折、不知如何开始写文章的话，教师可以建议学生先把撰稿搁在一边，拿出绘画材料画一幅跟写作主题相关的画，画完后再加以用语言形容画中内容，最后回头写文章时会觉得原先的障碍已经不见踪影，文笔亦畅通无阻了许多。&lt;br /&gt;
**以上方法也可因人而异、因教室内的材料而异，例如学生也可以用制造示意图来代替绘画，或者可以用积木、切纸、黏土等等来塑造相关模型，又或可以用手机拍摄短片，录制一首歌等。&lt;br /&gt;
**写作本身也包括多种模式，如果写报告遇到障碍可以换个方式来写，例如写诗，写歌词，写小说的开头文章，写博客，写广告，写小剧本等等。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Penpal Poetry|笔友交诗]]：某海外学校的语文老师发现学生都不喜欢写诗，在课堂上一提到“诗”都会感到极为无聊，于是联系到一中国学校，让海外学生跟同龄的中国学生做笔友，交换的信件里面有学生形容他们日常生活和周围环境的多媒体资料，包括诗词、当地布料艺术品、图画等等，学生后来每次上班写诗就非常高兴，再也不觉得写诗跟他们的生活无关。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Picture Text Swap|图文并茂]]：把全班学生分两组，第一组负责写一篇符合当天主题（或运用新学到的生词）的短文，另一组则根据相同主题绘画，可以给学生20分钟左右以完成这项任务，然后第一组和第二组的学生交换作品，再给大约20分钟来用文字描述对方的图画，或画对方短文所形容的事情。最后把作品并列贴在课堂墙上，让全班同学来观赏、讨论绘画和写作两种模式的优缺点。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Write the Headline|头条自己来]]：把旧报纸头版头条剪下来，让学生看新闻故事后自己想出最适合的头条，也可以分组比赛谁的头条写得最好，最传神，最搞笑，最像原文等等。亦可反过来把剪掉的头条发给学生，让他们自己写符合该头条的新闻短文。&lt;br /&gt;
**这活动也可以用杂志等彩色或附有图片期刊来进行，例如把图片剪下来，全班分两组，一组根据图片来写相应的短篇故事，另一组负责绘出或用手机拍下符合该文章的图片或照片。最后大家把写的文章和绘出的图片合起来展示，并与原文原图进行比较分析等讨论。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Task Types]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Strange_Sentences&amp;diff=252</id>
		<title>Strange Sentences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Strange_Sentences&amp;diff=252"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T09:58:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Crayola-Markers.jpg|thumb|彩色笔]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''奇怪的句子'''，这个游戏可以帮助学生复习最近学过的词语，也能帮助学生了解中文句子的先后次序。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==需要准备的材料==&lt;br /&gt;
*彩色笔，词语卡片&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动步骤==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Little Man Shankbone riding the rails of the NYC subway.jpg|thumb|正准备在车上唱一首歌的小狗]]&lt;br /&gt;
#老师准备四组词语，分别为主语（比如妈妈，我，小狗），时间（比如今天上午，去年，星期三），地点（比如在火车上，在家里，在学校），事情（比如踢足球，唱歌，吃苹果），每组三个词语（具体数字可以由老师自己决定），为了便于区分每组词语，我用了四种彩色笔把词语写在小纸片上。&lt;br /&gt;
#把学生分为四组，每组学生拿到一组词语，并且Brainstorm每个词语的意思和发音，老师可以给予帮助，学生不会知道其他组的词语，准备时间大概在5分钟左右。&lt;br /&gt;
#第一轮游戏，每组学生挑一个词语，依次说出来，可能组成的句子是“小狗”——“去年”——“在火车上”——“唱歌”，看看哪组学生最快说出整句话的意思，可以得到一颗小星星。&lt;br /&gt;
#根据每组词语的数量，老师可以决定这个游戏玩几轮。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks for Kids]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Tasks_for_Kids&amp;diff=251</id>
		<title>Tasks for Kids</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Tasks_for_Kids&amp;diff=251"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T09:35:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;*[[Direction Words]] - 方位名词&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Countries]] - 国家名称&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Fun with numbers]] - 学习数字&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Attributive words]] - 修饰语放在名词前&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Common Classroom Games]] - 经常用的课堂游戏&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Colors]] - 学习颜色&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Strange Sentences]] - 奇怪的句子&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks by Age Group]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Tasks_for_Adults&amp;diff=250</id>
		<title>Tasks for Adults</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Tasks_for_Adults&amp;diff=250"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T09:35:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;*[[Attributive phrases]] - 修饰语放在名词前面&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Practise bă construction]] - 练习“把”字句&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks by Age Group]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Strange_Sentences&amp;diff=249</id>
		<title>Strange Sentences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Strange_Sentences&amp;diff=249"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T09:33:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: Created page with &amp;quot;'''奇怪的句子'''，这个游戏可以帮助学生复习最近学过的词语，也能帮助学生了解中文句子的先后次序。  ==需要准备的材料== *彩色...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''奇怪的句子'''，这个游戏可以帮助学生复习最近学过的词语，也能帮助学生了解中文句子的先后次序。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==需要准备的材料==&lt;br /&gt;
*彩色笔，词语卡片&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动步骤==&lt;br /&gt;
#老师准备四组词语，分别为主语（比如妈妈，我，小狗），时间（比如今天上午，去年，星期三），地点（比如在火车上，在家里，在学校），事情（比如踢足球，唱歌，吃苹果），每组三个词语（具体数字可以由老师自己决定），为了便于区分每组词语，我用了四种彩色笔把词语写在小纸片上。&lt;br /&gt;
#把学生分为四组，每组学生拿到一组词语，并且Brainstorm每个词语的意思和发音，老师可以给予帮助，学生不会知道其他组的词语，准备时间大概在5分钟左右。&lt;br /&gt;
#第一轮游戏，每组学生挑一个词语，依次说出来，可能组成的句子是“小狗”“去年”“在火车上”“唱歌”，看看哪组学生最快说出整句话的意思，可以得到一颗小星星。&lt;br /&gt;
#根据每组词语的数量，老师可以决定这个游戏玩几轮。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tasks for Kids]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Tasks_for_Kids&amp;diff=248</id>
		<title>Tasks for Kids</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Tasks_for_Kids&amp;diff=248"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T09:28:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;*[[Direction Words]] - 方位名词&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Countries]] - 国家名称&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Fun with numbers]] - 学习数字&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Attributive words]] - 修饰语放在名词前&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Common Classroom Games]] - 经常用的课堂游戏&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Colors]] - 学习颜色&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Strange Sentences]] - 奇怪的句子&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=247</id>
		<title>Multimodal Activities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=247"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T09:26:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Blotter_explosion-spin_art.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''多模式教学'''是指运用除传统教学上受重视的“读“和”写”外的其他创造模式（如：绘画、塑造模型、摄影、网上交流等）来帮助学生传达意义的一种教学概念。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==理论==&lt;br /&gt;
读与写这两种语言模式向来是教育家最为关心的教学目标，虽然近年以“听说读写”四种模式为中心的教学概念在教育界已成为主流，但新兴的和历来不受重视的模式仍然处于不登大雅之堂的弱势地位。与此同时，越来越多的科学研究显示学生只透过一种模式来吸取和创造信息的效率偏低，运用多种模式才是高效教学的关键。另外，许多读写障碍的学生能透过多种模式和非传统模式的方法突破对学习的障碍，如果教师排除所有读写之外的创造和传达意义的模式的话，岂非断绝了这些孩子掌握沟通技巧的希望？&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Karkur_School_Kishutei_Haim_10.jpg|thumb|学生可以可以用很多种模式来创造或传达意义]]&lt;br /&gt;
其实，“传统”和“非传统”、“正确”和“错误”、“标准”和“不标准”的语言模式是并存的，教师应该让学生明白各种语言模式都有最宜场合，然而有时用多种模式也可以更有效地传递意义以达成沟通的目标。所谓“百闻不如一见”——有的事情，亲身看到了就远远胜于听人解释（如书法展览）但反之亦然，有些事情听到才真明白（如欣赏音乐），可谓这些模式各有千秋，各有各的存在价值。作为老师，我们是否经常贬低“读写”或“标准”之外的模式以提高读写系统在学生心里的地位呢？&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Three_Butterfly-Glue,_Chalk_by_Chip.JPG|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
多种模式教学有初中高三种层次，初步接触此概念的教师也许会让学生偶尔上网、画画、或在上课时玩游戏诸如此类的较为肤浅的活动，但这些活动除了可以在某种程度上帮助学校制造“多媒体”的噱头可说是欠缺深意，教学价值不高。稍微有经验的教师会在活动上附加一些传达意义的内容，最起码会让活动增强学生对目标语言的信心，例如某外语学校让学生修改大明星微博上的语法错误，这可以让孩子明白到名人也可以犯错，但也有可能在批评“大人物”的过程中导致学生形成高人一等的情绪。无论如何，这些都顶多能算是“多媒体教学”或“流行文化教学”，而称不上多种模式教学的有效运用。最高层次的多种模式教学应该是全面而富有深意的，也应该增强学生对正确判断任何情况或场合的最佳沟通模式的能力，而非单一集中在不假思索的“改错”而已。若能够自如地穿插在日常教学活动中以协助所有学生（而非只有那些读写能力较强的学生）传情达意则最好。&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Prelesne_0015.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Twitter Posts as Press Releases|微博改编的通讯稿]]：学生根据微博上的发贴撰写适合于正式发布的新闻通讯稿。这可以让学生同时了解休闲发贴有一种语气和语言模式，而写专文属于另一种模式，两个模式在最合适的场合的正确运用，也避免了贬低日常生活中的口语或俚语的成分。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Conquer Writer's Block by Painting|用绘画克服写作困难]]：如果学生在写作时面对白纸而感到茫然、挫折、不知如何开始写文章的话，教师可以建议学生先把撰稿搁在一边，拿出绘画材料画一幅跟写作主题相关的画，画完后再加以用语言形容画中内容，最后回头写文章时会觉得原先的障碍已经不见踪影，文笔亦畅通无阻了许多。&lt;br /&gt;
**以上方法也可因人而异、因教室内的材料而异，例如学生也可以用制造示意图来代替绘画，或者可以用积木、切纸、黏土等等来塑造相关模型，又或可以用手机拍摄短片，录制一首歌等。&lt;br /&gt;
**写作本身也包括多种模式，如果写报告遇到障碍可以换个方式来写，例如写诗，写歌词，写小说的开头文章，写博客，写广告，写小剧本等等。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Penpal Poetry|笔友交诗]]：某海外学校的语文老师发现学生都不喜欢写诗，在课堂上一提到“诗”都会感到极为无聊，于是联系到一中国学校，让海外学生跟同龄的中国学生做笔友，交换的信件里面有学生形容他们日常生活和周围环境的多媒体资料，包括诗词、当地布料艺术品、图画等等，学生后来每次上班写诗就非常高兴，再也不觉得写诗跟他们的生活无关。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Picture Text Swap|图文并茂]]：把全班学生分两组，第一组负责写一篇符合当天主题（或运用新学到的生词）的短文，另一组则根据相同主题绘画，可以给学生20分钟左右以完成这项任务，然后第一组和第二组的学生交换作品，再给大约20分钟来用文字描述对方的图画，或画对方短文所形容的事情。最后把作品并列贴在课堂墙上，让全班同学来观赏、讨论绘画和写作两种模式的优缺点。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Write the Headline|头条自己来]]：把旧报纸头版头条剪下来，让学生看新闻故事后自己想出最适合的头条，也可以分组比赛谁的头条写得最好，最传神，最搞笑，最像原文等等。亦可反过来把剪掉的头条发给学生，让他们自己写符合该头条的新闻短文。&lt;br /&gt;
**这活动也可以用杂志等彩色或附有图片期刊来进行，例如把图片剪下来，全班分两组，一组根据图片来写相应的短篇故事，另一组负责绘出或用手机拍下符合该文章的图片或照片。最后大家把写的文章和绘出的图片合起来展示，并与原文原图进行比较分析等讨论。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Task Types]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Elementary_School_Classroom_Management&amp;diff=246</id>
		<title>Elementary School Classroom Management</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Elementary_School_Classroom_Management&amp;diff=246"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T09:06:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: Undo revision 245 by Dulaoshi (talk)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;*[[Social cues]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Self-Starter and Attention Signal|Self-Starter]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Classroom Management by Age Group]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Elementary_School_Classroom_Management&amp;diff=245</id>
		<title>Elementary School Classroom Management</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Elementary_School_Classroom_Management&amp;diff=245"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T09:03:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;适合于小学年龄的小孩子的课堂活动。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Social cues]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Self-Starter and Attention Signal|Self-Starter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Strange Sentences|奇怪的句子]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Classroom Management by Age Group]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=244</id>
		<title>Multimodal Activities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=244"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T03:30:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: +分类&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''多模式教学'''是指运用除传统教学上受重视的“读“和”写”外的其他创造模式（如：绘画、塑造模型、摄影、网上交流等）来帮助学生传达意义的一种教学概念。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==理论==&lt;br /&gt;
读与写这两种语言模式向来是教育家最为关心的教学目标，虽然近年以“听说读写”四种模式为中心的教学概念在教育界已成为主流，但新兴的和历来不受重视的模式仍然处于不登大雅之堂的弱势地位。与此同时，越来越多的科学研究显示学生只透过一种模式来吸取和创造信息的效率偏低，运用多种模式才是高效教学的关键。另外，许多读写障碍的学生能透过多种模式和非传统模式的方法突破对学习的障碍，如果教师排除所有读写之外的创造和传达意义的模式的话，岂非断绝了这些孩子掌握沟通技巧的希望？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
其实，“传统”和“非传统”、“正确”和“错误”、“标准”和“不标准”的语言模式是并存的，教师应该让学生明白各种语言模式都有最宜场合，然而有时用多种模式也可以更有效地传递意义以达成沟通的目标。所谓“百闻不如一见”——有的事情，亲身看到了就远远胜于听人解释（如书法展览）但反之亦然，有些事情听到才真明白（如欣赏音乐），可谓这些模式各有千秋，各有各的存在价值。作为老师，我们是否经常贬低“读写”或“标准”之外的模式以提高读写系统在学生心里的地位呢？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
多种模式教学有初中高三种层次，初步接触此概念的教师也许会让学生偶尔上网、画画、或在上课时玩游戏诸如此类的较为肤浅的活动，但这些活动除了可以在某种程度上帮助学校制造“多媒体”的噱头可说是欠缺深意，教学价值不高。稍微有经验的教师会在活动上附加一些传达意义的内容，最起码会让活动增强学生对目标语言的信心，例如某外语学校让学生修改大明星微博上的语法错误，这可以让孩子明白到名人也可以犯错，但也有可能在批评“大人物”的过程中导致学生形成高人一等的情绪。无论如何，这些都顶多能算是“多媒体教学”或“流行文化教学”，而称不上多种模式教学的有效运用。最高层次的多种模式教学应该是全面而富有深意的，也应该增强学生对正确判断任何情况或场合的最佳沟通模式的能力，而非单一集中在不假思索的“改错”而已。若能够自如地穿插在日常教学活动中以协助所有学生（而非只有那些读写能力较强的学生）传情达意则最好。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Twitter Posts as Press Releases|微博改编的通讯稿]]：学生根据微博上的发贴撰写适合于正式发布的新闻通讯稿。这可以让学生同时了解休闲发贴有一种语气和语言模式，而写专文属于另一种模式，两个模式在最合适的场合的正确运用，也避免了贬低日常生活中的口语或俚语的成分。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Conquer Writer's Block by Painting|用绘画克服写作困难]]：如果学生在写作时面对白纸而感到茫然、挫折、不知如何开始写文章的话，教师可以建议学生先把撰稿搁在一边，拿出绘画材料画一幅跟写作主题相关的画，画完后再加以用语言形容画中内容，最后回头写文章时会觉得原先的障碍已经不见踪影，文笔亦畅通无阻了许多。&lt;br /&gt;
**以上方法也可因人而异、因教室内的材料而异，例如学生也可以用制造示意图来代替绘画，或者可以用积木、切纸、黏土等等来塑造相关模型，又或可以用手机拍摄短片，录制一首歌等。&lt;br /&gt;
**写作本身也包括多种模式，如果写报告遇到障碍可以换个方式来写，例如写诗，写歌词，写小说的开头文章，写博客，写广告，写小剧本等等。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Penpal Poetry|笔友交诗]]：某海外学校的语文老师发现学生都不喜欢写诗，在课堂上一提到“诗”都会感到极为无聊，于是联系到一中国学校，让海外学生跟同龄的中国学生做笔友，交换的信件里面有学生形容他们日常生活和周围环境的多媒体资料，包括诗词、当地布料艺术品、图画等等，学生后来每次上班写诗就非常高兴，再也不觉得写诗跟他们的生活无关。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Picture Text Swap|图文并茂]]：把全班学生分两组，第一组负责写一篇符合当天主题（或运用新学到的生词）的短文，另一组则根据相同主题绘画，可以给学生20分钟左右以完成这项任务，然后第一组和第二组的学生交换作品，再给大约20分钟来用文字描述对方的图画，或画对方短文所形容的事情。最后把作品并列贴在课堂墙上，让全班同学来观赏、讨论绘画和写作两种模式的优缺点。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Write the Headline|头条自己来]]：把旧报纸头版头条剪下来，让学生看新闻故事后自己想出最适合的头条，也可以分组比赛谁的头条写得最好，最传神，最搞笑，最像原文等等。亦可反过来把剪掉的头条发给学生，让他们自己写符合该头条的新闻短文。&lt;br /&gt;
**这活动也可以用杂志等彩色或附有图片期刊来进行，例如把图片剪下来，全班分两组，一组根据图片来写相应的短篇故事，另一组负责绘出或用手机拍下符合该文章的图片或照片。最后大家把写的文章和绘出的图片合起来展示，并与原文原图进行比较分析等讨论。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Task Types]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=243</id>
		<title>Multimodal Activities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=243"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T03:29:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''多模式教学'''是指运用除传统教学上受重视的“读“和”写”外的其他创造模式（如：绘画、塑造模型、摄影、网上交流等）来帮助学生传达意义的一种教学概念。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==理论==&lt;br /&gt;
读与写这两种语言模式向来是教育家最为关心的教学目标，虽然近年以“听说读写”四种模式为中心的教学概念在教育界已成为主流，但新兴的和历来不受重视的模式仍然处于不登大雅之堂的弱势地位。与此同时，越来越多的科学研究显示学生只透过一种模式来吸取和创造信息的效率偏低，运用多种模式才是高效教学的关键。另外，许多读写障碍的学生能透过多种模式和非传统模式的方法突破对学习的障碍，如果教师排除所有读写之外的创造和传达意义的模式的话，岂非断绝了这些孩子掌握沟通技巧的希望？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
其实，“传统”和“非传统”、“正确”和“错误”、“标准”和“不标准”的语言模式是并存的，教师应该让学生明白各种语言模式都有最宜场合，然而有时用多种模式也可以更有效地传递意义以达成沟通的目标。所谓“百闻不如一见”——有的事情，亲身看到了就远远胜于听人解释（如书法展览）但反之亦然，有些事情听到才真明白（如欣赏音乐），可谓这些模式各有千秋，各有各的存在价值。作为老师，我们是否经常贬低“读写”或“标准”之外的模式以提高读写系统在学生心里的地位呢？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
多种模式教学有初中高三种层次，初步接触此概念的教师也许会让学生偶尔上网、画画、或在上课时玩游戏诸如此类的较为肤浅的活动，但这些活动除了可以在某种程度上帮助学校制造“多媒体”的噱头可说是欠缺深意，教学价值不高。稍微有经验的教师会在活动上附加一些传达意义的内容，最起码会让活动增强学生对目标语言的信心，例如某外语学校让学生修改大明星微博上的语法错误，这可以让孩子明白到名人也可以犯错，但也有可能在批评“大人物”的过程中导致学生形成高人一等的情绪。无论如何，这些都顶多能算是“多媒体教学”或“流行文化教学”，而称不上多种模式教学的有效运用。最高层次的多种模式教学应该是全面而富有深意的，也应该增强学生对正确判断任何情况或场合的最佳沟通模式的能力，而非单一集中在不假思索的“改错”而已。若能够自如地穿插在日常教学活动中以协助所有学生（而非只有那些读写能力较强的学生）传情达意则最好。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Twitter Posts as Press Releases|微博改编的通讯稿]]：学生根据微博上的发贴撰写适合于正式发布的新闻通讯稿。这可以让学生同时了解休闲发贴有一种语气和语言模式，而写专文属于另一种模式，两个模式在最合适的场合的正确运用，也避免了贬低日常生活中的口语或俚语的成分。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Conquer Writer's Block by Painting|用绘画克服写作困难]]：如果学生在写作时面对白纸而感到茫然、挫折、不知如何开始写文章的话，教师可以建议学生先把撰稿搁在一边，拿出绘画材料画一幅跟写作主题相关的画，画完后再加以用语言形容画中内容，最后回头写文章时会觉得原先的障碍已经不见踪影，文笔亦畅通无阻了许多。&lt;br /&gt;
**以上方法也可因人而异、因教室内的材料而异，例如学生也可以用制造示意图来代替绘画，或者可以用积木、切纸、黏土等等来塑造相关模型，又或可以用手机拍摄短片，录制一首歌等。&lt;br /&gt;
**写作本身也包括多种模式，如果写报告遇到障碍可以换个方式来写，例如写诗，写歌词，写小说的开头文章，写博客，写广告，写小剧本等等。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Penpal Poetry|笔友交诗]]：某海外学校的语文老师发现学生都不喜欢写诗，在课堂上一提到“诗”都会感到极为无聊，于是联系到一中国学校，让海外学生跟同龄的中国学生做笔友，交换的信件里面有学生形容他们日常生活和周围环境的多媒体资料，包括诗词、当地布料艺术品、图画等等，学生后来每次上班写诗就非常高兴，再也不觉得写诗跟他们的生活无关。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Picture Text Swap|图文并茂]]：把全班学生分两组，第一组负责写一篇符合当天主题（或运用新学到的生词）的短文，另一组则根据相同主题绘画，可以给学生20分钟左右以完成这项任务，然后第一组和第二组的学生交换作品，再给大约20分钟来用文字描述对方的图画，或画对方短文所形容的事情。最后把作品并列贴在课堂墙上，让全班同学来观赏、讨论绘画和写作两种模式的优缺点。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Write the Headline|头条自己来]]：把旧报纸头版头条剪下来，让学生看新闻故事后自己想出最适合的头条，也可以分组比赛谁的头条写得最好，最传神，最搞笑，最像原文等等。亦可反过来把剪掉的头条发给学生，让他们自己写符合该头条的新闻短文。&lt;br /&gt;
**这活动也可以用杂志等彩色或附有图片期刊来进行，例如把图片剪下来，全班分两组，一组根据图片来写相应的短篇故事，另一组负责绘出或用手机拍下符合该文章的图片或照片。最后大家把写的文章和绘出的图片合起来展示，并与原文原图进行比较分析等讨论。&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=242</id>
		<title>Multimodal Activities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=242"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T03:23:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''多模式教学'''是指运用除传统教学上受重视的“读“和”写”外的其他创造模式（如：绘画、塑造模型、摄影、网上交流等）来帮助学生传达意义的一种教学概念。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==理论==&lt;br /&gt;
读与写这两种语言模式向来是教育家最为关心的教学目标，虽然近年以“听说读写”四种模式为中心的教学概念在教育界已成为主流，但新兴的和历来不受重视的模式仍然处于不登大雅之堂的弱势地位。与此同时，越来越多的科学研究显示学生只透过一种模式来吸取和创造信息的效率偏低，运用多种模式才是高效教学的关键。另外，许多读写障碍的学生能透过多种模式和非传统模式的方法突破对学习的障碍，如果教师排除所有读写之外的创造和传达意义的模式的话，岂非断绝了这些孩子掌握沟通技巧的希望？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
其实，“传统”和“非传统”、“正确”和“错误”、“标准”和“不标准”的语言模式是并存的，教师应该让学生明白各种语言模式都有最宜场合，然而有时用多种模式也可以更有效地传递意义以达成沟通的目标。所谓“百闻不如一见”——有的事情，亲身看到了就远远胜于听人解释（如书法展览）但反之亦然，有些事情听到才真明白（如欣赏音乐），可谓这些模式各有千秋，各有各的存在价值。作为老师，我们是否经常贬低“读写”或“标准”之外的模式以提高读写系统在学生心里的地位呢？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
多种模式教学有初中高三种层次，初步接触此概念的教师也许会让学生偶尔上网、画画、或在上课时玩游戏诸如此类的较为肤浅的活动，但这些活动除了可以在某种程度上帮助学校制造“多媒体”的噱头可说是欠缺深意，教学价值不高。稍微有经验的教师会在活动上附加一些传达意义的内容，最起码会让活动增强学生对目标语言的信心，例如某外语学校让学生修改大明星微博上的语法错误，这可以让孩子明白到名人也可以犯错，但也有可能在批评“大人物”的过程中导致学生形成高人一等的情绪。无论如何，这些都顶多能算是“多媒体教学”或“流行文化教学”，而称不上多种模式教学的有效运用。最高层次的多种模式教学应该是全面而富有深意的，也应该增强学生对正确判断任何情况或场合的最佳沟通模式的能力，而非单一集中在不假思索的“改错”而已。若能够自如地穿插在日常教学活动中以协助所有学生（而非只有那些读写能力较强的学生）传情达意则最好。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Twitter Posts as Press Releases|微博改编的通讯稿]]：学生根据微博上的发贴撰写适合于正式发布的新闻通讯稿。这可以让学生同时了解休闲发贴有一种语气和语言模式，而写专文属于另一种模式，两个模式在最合适的场合的正确运用，也避免了贬低日常生活中的口语或俚语的成分。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Conquer Writer's Block by Painting|用绘画克服写作困难]]：如果学生在写作时面对白纸而感到茫然、挫折、不知如何开始写文章的话，教师可以建议学生先把撰稿搁在一边，拿出绘画材料画一幅跟写作主题相关的画，画完后再加以用语言形容画中内容，最后回头写文章时会觉得原先的障碍已经不见踪影，文笔亦畅通无阻了许多。&lt;br /&gt;
**以上方法也可因人而异、因教室内的材料而异，例如学生也可以用制造示意图来代替绘画，或者可以用积木、切纸、黏土等等来塑造相关模型，又或可以用手机拍摄短片，录制一首歌等。&lt;br /&gt;
**写作本身也包括多种模式，如果写报告遇到障碍可以换个方式来写，例如写诗，写歌词，写小说的开头文章，写博客，写广告，写小剧本等等。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Penpal Poetry|笔友交诗]]：某海外学校的语文老师发现学生都不喜欢写诗，在课堂上一提到“诗”都会感到极为无聊，于是联系到一中国学校，让海外学生跟同龄的中国学生做笔友，交换的信件里面有学生形容他们日常生活和周围环境的多媒体资料，包括诗词、当地布料艺术品、图画等等，学生后来每次上班写诗就非常高兴，再也不觉得写诗跟他们的生活无关。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Picture Text Swap|图文并茂]]：把全班学生分两组，第一组负责写一篇符合当天主题（或运用新学到的生词）的短文，另一组则根据相同主题绘画，可以给学生20分钟左右以完成这项任务，然后第一组和第二组的学生交换作品，再给大约20分钟来用文字描述对方的图画，或画对方短文所形容的事情。最后把作品并列贴在课堂墙上，让全班同学来观赏、讨论绘画和写作两种模式的优缺点。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Write the Headline|头条自己来]]：把旧报纸头版头条剪掉，让学生看新闻故事后自己想出最适合的头条，也可以分组比赛谁的头条写得最好，最传神，最搞笑，最像原文等等。亦可反过来把剪掉的头条发给学生，让他们自己写符合该头条的新闻短文。&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=241</id>
		<title>Multimodal Activities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=241"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T02:04:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''多模式教学'''是指运用除传统教学上受重视的“读“和”写”外的其他创造模式（如：绘画、塑造模型、摄影、网上交流等）来帮助学生传达意义的一种教学概念。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==理论==&lt;br /&gt;
读与写这两种语言模式向来是教育家最为关心的教学目标，虽然近年以“听说读写”四种模式为中心的教学概念在教育界已成为主流，但新兴的和历来不受重视的模式仍然处于不登大雅之堂的弱势地位。与此同时，越来越多的科学研究显示学生只透过一种模式来吸取和创造信息的效率偏低，运用多种模式才是高效教学的关键。另外，许多读写障碍的学生能透过多种模式和非传统模式的方法突破对学习的障碍，如果教师排除所有读写之外的创造和传达意义的模式的话，岂非断绝了这些孩子掌握沟通技巧的希望？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
其实，“传统”和“非传统”、“正确”和“错误”、“标准”和“不标准”的语言模式是并存的，教师应该让学生明白各种语言模式都有最宜场合，然而有时用多种模式也可以更有效地传递意义以达成沟通的目标。所谓“百闻不如一见”——有的事情，亲身看到了就远远胜于听人解释（如书法展览）但反之亦然，有些事情听到才真明白（如欣赏音乐），可谓这些模式各有千秋，各有各的存在价值。作为老师，我们是否经常贬低“读写”或“标准”之外的模式以提高读写系统在学生心里的地位呢？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
多种模式教学有初中高三种层次，初步接触此概念的教师也许会让学生偶尔上网、画画、或在上课时玩游戏诸如此类的较为肤浅的活动，但这些活动除了可以在某种程度上帮助学校制造“多媒体”的噱头可说是欠缺深意，教学价值不高。稍微有经验的教师会在活动上附加一些传达意义的内容，最起码会让活动增强学生对目标语言的信心，例如某外语学校让学生修改大明星微博上的语法错误，这可以让孩子明白到名人也可以犯错，但也有可能在批评“大人物”的过程中导致学生形成高人一等的情绪。无论如何，这些都顶多能算是“多媒体教学”或“流行文化教学”，而称不上多种模式教学的有效运用。最高层次的多种模式教学应该是全面而富有深意的，也应该增强学生对正确判断任何情况或场合的最佳沟通模式的能力，而非单一集中在不假思索的“改错”而已。若能够自如地穿插在日常教学活动中以协助所有学生（而非只有那些读写能力较强的学生）传情达意则最好。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Twitter Posts as Press Releases|微博改编的通讯稿]]：学生根据微博上的发贴撰写适合于正式发布的新闻通讯稿。这可以让学生同时了解休闲发贴有一种语气和语言模式，而写专文属于另一种模式，两个模式在最合适的场合的正确运用，也避免了贬低日常生活中的口语或俚语的成分。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Conquer Writer's Block by Painting|用绘画克服写作困难]]：如果学生在写作时面对白纸而感到茫然、挫折、不知如何开始写文章的话，教师可以建议学生先把撰稿搁在一边，拿出绘画材料画一幅跟写作主题相关的画，画完后再加以用语言形容画中内容，最后回头写文章时会觉得原先的障碍已经不见踪影，文笔亦畅通无阻了许多。&lt;br /&gt;
**以上方法也可因人而异、因教室内的材料而异，例如学生也可以用制造示意图来代替绘画，或者可以用积木、切纸、黏土等等来塑造相关模型，又或可以用手机拍摄短片，录制一首歌等。&lt;br /&gt;
**写作本身也包括多种模式，如果写报告遇到障碍可以换个方式来写，例如写诗，写歌词，写小说的开头文章，写博客，写广告，写小剧本等等。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Penpal Poetry|笔友交诗]]：某海外学校的语文老师发现学生都不喜欢写诗，在课堂上一提到“诗”都会感到极为无聊，于是联系到一中国学校，让海外学生跟同龄的中国学生做笔友，交换的信件里面有学生形容他们日常生活和周围环境的多媒体资料，包括诗词、当地布料艺术品、图画等等，学生后来每次上班写诗就非常高兴，再也不觉得写诗跟他们的生活无关。&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Picture Text Swap|图文并茂]]：把全班学生分两组，第一组负责写一篇符合当天主题（或运用新学到的生词）的短文，另一组则根据相同主题绘画，可以给学生20分钟左右以完成这项任务，然后第一组和第二组的学生交换作品，再给大约20分钟来用文字描述对方的图画，或画对方短文所形容的事情。最后把作品并列贴在课堂墙上，让全班同学来观赏、讨论绘画和写作两种模式的优缺点。&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=240</id>
		<title>Multimodal Activities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Multimodal_Activities&amp;diff=240"/>
		<updated>2013-10-19T00:12:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: Created page with &amp;quot;'''多模式教学'''是指运用除传统教学上受重视的“读“和”写”外的其他创造模式（如：绘画、塑造模型、摄影、网上交流等）来帮...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''多模式教学'''是指运用除传统教学上受重视的“读“和”写”外的其他创造模式（如：绘画、塑造模型、摄影、网上交流等）来帮助学生传达意义的一种教学概念。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==理论==&lt;br /&gt;
读与写这两种语言模式向来是教育家最为关心的教学目标，虽然近年以“听说读写”四种模式为中心的教学概念在教育界已成为主流，但新兴的和历来不受重视的模式仍然处于不登大雅之堂的弱势地位。与此同时，越来越多的科学研究显示学生只透过一种模式来吸取和创造信息的效率偏低，运用多种模式才是高效教学的关键。另外，许多读写障碍的学生能透过多种模式和非传统模式的方法突破对学习的障碍，如果教师排除所有读写之外的创造和传达意义的模式的话，岂非断绝了这些孩子掌握沟通技巧的希望？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Tasks_by_Type&amp;diff=239</id>
		<title>List of Tasks by Type</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Tasks_by_Type&amp;diff=239"/>
		<updated>2013-10-17T06:19:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''任务型教学法'''让学生将目的语视为一种达到目的方法来与他人进行互动。下面列出课堂教学中屡试不爽的几种任务类型，点击一种任务类型便可浏览与该类型相关的具体活动。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==任务类型列表==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Conversation cards]] - 对话卡片&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Cooperative Learning Activities]] - 合作学习活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Dictogloss Activities]] - 整体听写活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Imaginative Activities]] - 想象性活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Information-gap Activities]] - 信息差活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jigsaw Activities]] - 拼版活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Movement Activities]] - 动作活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Multimodal Activities]] - 多模式教学活动 &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Open-ended free conversations]] - 自由对话&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Pair Work]] - 结对练习&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Peer Tutoring]] - 同侪教学&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Problem-Solving]] - 问题解决&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Role Play]] - 角色扮演&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shadowing]] - 影子跟读法&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Simulations]] - 模拟情境&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Storytelling]] - 讲故事&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Think-pair-share]] - 设想，结对，分享的活動&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Total Physical Response]] - 全身反应教学法&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=238</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=238"/>
		<updated>2013-10-17T06:19:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: /* Tasks by Type - 按照类型的教学活动 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;欢迎各位老师到《'''对外汉语教学秘笈'''》！在这里我们希望各地汉语老师可以集思广益，让对外汉语课堂更加活跃、更加精彩！&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to the '''Mandarin Education Task Wiki''', a place where teachers can collect and share effective learning tasks for the Chinese language classroom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please feel free to jump in, create an account, and start adding/editing tasks to the collection!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of Tasks]] - 教学活动列表&lt;br /&gt;
*[[:Category:Tasks|Tasks by Category]] - 教学活动分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tasks by Age Group - 按照年龄阶段的教学活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tasks for Kids|Kids]] - 小学教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tasks for High School|High School]] - 中学教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tasks for Adults|Adults]] - 成人教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tasks by Level - 按照程度级别的教学活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tasks for Beginners|Beginners]] - 初级教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tasks for Intermediate|Intermediate]] - 中级教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tasks for Advanced|Advanced]] - 高级教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tasks by Competency - 按照能力领域的教学活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tasks for Literacy|Literacy]] - 阅读写作的教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tasks for Listening|Listening]] - 听力教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tasks for Speaking|Speaking]] - 口语教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tasks by Type - 按照类型的教学活动==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jigsaw Activities]] - 拼版活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Information-gap Activities]] - 信息差活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Dictogloss Activities]] - 整体听写活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Cooperative Learning Activities]] - 合作学习活动&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Role Play]] - 角色扮演&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Pair Work]] - 结对练习&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Simulations]] - 模拟情境&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Total Physical Response|TPRS]] - 全身反应教学法&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Multimodal Activities]] - 多模式教学活动&lt;br /&gt;
*''[[List of Tasks by Type|See all tasks by type]] - 点进去看所有的活动类型''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Classroom Management - 课堂管理==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Classroom Management|Intro to Classroom Management]] - 课堂管理入门&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Elementary School Classroom Management|Kids]] - 小学课堂管理&lt;br /&gt;
*[[High School Classroom Management|High School]] - 中学课堂管理&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Adult Classroom Management|Adult]] - 成人课堂管理&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Teaching Resources - 教学资源==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Teaching Videos|Videos]] - 教学视频&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Teaching Links|Links]] - 教学链接&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Teaching Tools|Tools]] - 工具（输入法、拼音调号输入、繁简转换等等）&lt;br /&gt;
*[[CFL Bibliography|Books and Articles]] - 对外汉语教学相关文献&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Self-Starter_and_Attention_Signal&amp;diff=237</id>
		<title>Self-Starter and Attention Signal</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mandarintasks.org/w/index.php?title=Self-Starter_and_Attention_Signal&amp;diff=237"/>
		<updated>2013-10-15T20:59:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Dulaoshi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;课堂一开始的几分钟通常是奠定整个课堂气氛的关键。我刚刚开始教小孩子中文的时候，是在一个after-school，学生的人数在四到五个人左右。这样的班级好处在于学生少，利于管理，缺点就是学生通常不把after school当成严肃的课堂，所以课堂管理的压力一点都不比普通学校少。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在开始上课的时候，因为学生的家远近不同，上课下课时间也不一样，通常在开始的几分钟，总是有的学生先到，有的学生总是迟到。我刚刚开始做老师的时候，等到大部分学生都到了，我就集中他们的注意力，准备开始上课，可是好不容易集中的注意力，总是因为一两个晚到的学生被打断，然后再集中学生的注意力就很困难。以这样开始的课堂总是达不到很好的教学效果，学生的注意力很容易分散。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
后来我开始使用一种叫self-starter的task.其实做起来很简单，让先到的学生做一些简单的作业，复习上周学习的内容，这些作业不用很难，主要就是复习一些最基本的词语和句子，老师也不用认真批改。学生在复习的过程中，如果有困难，老师可以给予个别辅导，学生完成之后，老师可以给他们一个sticker等一些小奖励。完成这些作业的时间大概在5分钟左右，这样迟到的学生也能大概到学校了。后来我还用一些其他的办法，比如在上课之前读一本简单的故事书，时间也大约是在5分钟左右。这样的故事书通常是以小动物为主的，因为学生都对小动物还有颜色比较有兴趣，所以能在讲故事的过程中顺便学几个小动物的名字。读故事的过程也可以让学生慢慢开始适应中文的语音语调，让他们明白“哦，现在是上中文课了”。但是对这个过程，我真的不太期待他们能学到什么新的知识，只是作为课堂的准备过程。等到学生都到齐了之后，老师就可以开始上课了。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Elementary School Classroom Management]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Dulaoshi</name></author>
		
	</entry>
</feed>